生态补水下白洋淀湿地水文连通特性研究  

Hydrological connectivity characteristics of baiyangdian wetland under ecological replenishment

作　　者：孙博闻[1] 陈巍[1] 李娜[1] 王国宇 刘殷竹 张晨[1] 高学平[1] 傅长锋[2] 康国强[2] 陈平[2] SUN Bowen;CHEN Wei;LI Na;WANG Guoyu;LIU Yinzhu;ZHANG Chen;GAO Xueping;FU Changfeng;KANG Guoqiang;CHEN Ping(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Hebei Research Institute of Investigation&Design of Water Conservancy&Hydropower,Tianjin 300250,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津300072 [2]河北省水利水电勘测设计研究院,天津300250

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2022年第3期134-144,共11页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51621092);河北省水利厅科学技术研究项目(冀水科研2020-14)。

摘　　要：水文连通性是维持湿地生态系统健康的关键,雄安新区设立以来,白洋淀湿地接收生态补水呈现出水量大、历时长和补水路径多的特点。为分析植被分布、风场和生态补水影响下白洋淀水动力变化与水文连通特性,将白洋淀湿地划分为植被与非植被区,采用三维水动力模型和地统计学连通性函数为分析方法,以不同水深阈值的最大连通距离表征湿地水文连通性。结果表明:受白洋淀底高程等要素空间异质性的影响,中部南刘庄淀流速较大(1.0~2.0 cm/s),北部烧车淀远离入淀河流流速较小(0~0.8 cm/s),西南部马棚淀地势较高水体基本不流动。水文连通性呈现季节性变化且存在阈值效应,最大连通距离在水位变化过程中存在突变且变幅相对固定,沿西-东与北-南方向的最大连通距离变幅主要为7.4 km-11.8 km-18.3 km和6.8 km-13.1 km-19.2 km;在防洪调控影响下,汛期的临界水深阈值处于全年最低水平,此时水文连通性对水深的敏感性高于年内其他时期。王家寨和圈头是制约东西部和中南部连通的关键节点,为提升白洋淀水体交换能力与水文连通性,应该改善其水动力条件以确保水道畅通。Hydrological connectivity is the key to maintain the health of wetland ecosystem. Since the establishment of Xiong′an New Area, ecological replenishment to Baiyangdian wetland has presented the characteristics with large water volume, long duration and multiple water supplement paths. In this study, Baiyangdian wetland is divided into vegetation and non-vegetation areas.A three-dimensional hydrodynamic mathematical model and geostatistical connectivity function were built to analyze its hydrodynamic changes and hydrological connectivity characteristics under the combined effects of vegetation distribution, wind field and ecological replenishment. The hydrological connectivity of wetland was characterized by maximum connectivity distance of different water depth thresholds. The results indicated that affected by the spatial heterogeneity of elements such as the bottom elevation of the wetland, the flow velocity of Nanliuzhuangdian in the middle was relatively large(1.0~2.0 cm/s), the flow velocity of Shaochedian in the north was relatively small(0~0.8 cm/s) and the water in Mapengdian in the southwest basically did not flow. Hydrological connectivity exhibited seasonal changes and threshold effect, which was manifested in the abrupt changes of maximum connection of distance in the process of water level change and the amplitude of the change was relatively fixed. The abrupt changes of maximum connection of distance along west to east and north to south were mainly 7.4-11.8-18.3 km and 6.8-13.1-19.2 km, respectively. During the flood season, under the influence of flood control, the critical water depth threshold was at the lowest level and hydrological connectivity was most sensitive to water depth throughout the year. Wangjiazhai and Quantou were key nodes restricting western region connecting with the eastern and the center connecting with the southern, respectively. In order to promote the water exchange in different regions and improve the hydrological connectivity of the whole wetland, the hydrodynamic cond

关 键 词：水文连通性 生态补水 水动力模型 白洋淀湿地 植被 降雨 空间异质性 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]