职场母亲对0~3岁婴幼儿的照护现状及其托育意愿  

Working Mothers’Situation on Childcare for 0~3 Years Old Infants and Their Willingness of Sending Children to Nursery Institutions

作　　者：安锦姬 王萍[1] 金香花[2] 白美花[3] Jinji An;Ping Wang;Xianghua Jin;Meihua Bai(Early Education School,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024 China;Normal School,Yanbian University,Yanji 133002 China;Yanbian Institute of Education,Yanji 133000 China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学学前教育学院,长春130024 [2]延边大学师范学院,延吉133002 [3]延边州教育学院,延吉133000

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2022年第4期1-14,共14页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“城市小区配套普惠民办园教育质量保障体系研究”(编号:20YJA880052)。

摘　　要：当前已有关于托育服务需求与发展的研究通常忽略了家庭“愿不愿意托育”这一前提。为了解职场母亲的照护情况及其实际托育意愿,本研究以623名职场母亲为研究对象,采用问卷法与访谈法进行调查。结果发现,职场母亲普遍存在照护时间较长、育儿压力较大、所获支援较少的问题。然而,即便面临如此大的照护困难,80%以上的职场母亲不愿意把0~2岁的孩子送去托育;在孩子2~3岁时,仍有半数以上的职场母亲不愿托育。导致这一现象出现的主要原因是职场母亲普遍持有“母亲是0~3岁儿童首要且最佳照护者”的育儿观念。由于职场母亲对托育不认同,要缓解其兼顾工作和育儿的压力,就需要充分发挥职场支援的作用,尤其是要增加职场母亲在工作时间上的弹性;创建精准社区支援,为有职场母亲的家庭提供更具针对性的育儿支援;理性发展公共托育机构,支持已获得普遍认可的幼儿园拓展托育服务。The actual willingness of working mothers to send their young children to nursery institutions has often been ignored in recent studies.This study took investigation on 623 working mothers by questionnaire and interview methods.It is found that working mothers are faced with problems such as longer care time,higher parenting pressure and lower support,but more than 80%of working mothers do not want to send their 0~2 years old children to nursery institutions,and more than half of working mothers still do not want to do so when their children grow to 2~3 years old.The main reason is that working mothers often hold that mother is the first and best adult who should take parenting responsibilities when children are 0 to 3 years old.Since working mothers do not accept nursery institutions,more support should be given in the workplace to relieve their pressure and help them to balance childcare and work.And more targeted community support should be created to provide specific parenting support for working mothers and their families.In addition,it is also suggested to make full use of existing resources such as kindergartens to expand childcare services.

关 键 词：婴幼儿照护 职场母亲 托育意愿 

分 类 号：G78[文化科学—教育学]