追施尿素对云南省冬小春马铃薯‘云薯902’生长和产量的影响  

Effects of Urea Applied as Additional Fertilizer on Winter and Early Spring Potato Growth and Yield of'Yunshu 902'in Yunnan Province

作　　者：梁淑敏[1,2] 尹自友 王颖[1,2] 康桂辉 谢家华[3] 李明福 文建斌 岳红林 白建明 隋启君 LIANG Shumin;YIN Ziyou;WANG Ying;KANG Guihui;XIE Jiahua;LI Mingfu;WEN Jianbin;YUE Honglin;BAI Jianming;SUI Qijun(Industrial Crops Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming,Yunnan 650200,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Potato and Rapeseed in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Kunming,Yunnan 650200,China;Jianshui Agricultural Technology Extension Institute,Jianshui,Yunnan 654300,China;Yuxi Agricultural Vocational College,Yuxi,Yunnan 653106,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所,云南昆明650200 [2]农业农村部云贵高原马铃薯与油菜科学观测实验站,云南昆明650200 [3]建水县农业技术推广所,云南建水654300 [4]玉溪农业职业技术学院,云南玉溪653106

出　　处：《中国马铃薯》2022年第1期27-35,共9页Chinese Potato Journal

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项资金资助(CARS-09-P03);云南省重点研发计划(202102AE090019)。

摘　　要：为研究追施尿素量和施用时间对‘云薯902’块茎产量及农艺性状的影响,以马铃薯品种‘云薯902’为材料,‘丽薯6号’为对照,采用二因素随机区组设计,以尿素(N 46%)为氮肥,于2018~2020年在云南玉溪和建水实施。玉溪试验点分别设置0(CK)、150、300 kg/hm^(2)尿素施用处理,第1年试验不设重复,第2年试验设3次重复。建水试验点第1年分别设置0(CK)、225、300和375 kg/hm^(2)尿素施用处理,第2年分别设置0(CK)、225、300 kg/hm^(2)尿素施用处理,采用方差分析研究块茎产量与农艺性状,通过成本效益分析其种植效益。在冬小春作区出苗后(出苗率75%)30 d内增施尿素处理可以使‘云薯902’株高、分枝数、地上部茎叶产量、单株结薯数和单个块茎重较对照(CK)分别增加8.6%,25.0%,35.8%,8.6%,29.1%(2点2年平均,其中玉溪试验点第2年的单株结薯数和单个块茎重数据未调查),最终使‘云薯902’大薯率增加10.3%,块茎产量增加26.3%,种植户的收益平均增加17946元/hm^(2)。但是以增施150 kg/hm^(2)(玉溪试验点)和225 kg/hm^(2)(建水试验点)尿素的效果最佳,超过该用量产量虽增加但是施肥效率不高。在出苗30 d后增施尿素则起到相反的作用,如在建水试验点第2年试验由于追施时间为2020年3月20日,属于结薯后期,追施氮肥反而不利于块茎膨大,最终导致减产。The randomized complete block design of two factors,urea(N 46%)applied as additional fertilizer and varieties['Yunshu 902'and'Lishu 6'(CK)],was developed and conducted in Yuxi and Jianshui,Yunnan Province,from 2018 to 2020 to analyze the influences of urea fertilizer application rate and application time on yield and agronomic traits in potato.The urea application rate at 0(CK),150,300 kg/ha was tested with no replication in the first year and three replications in the second year in Yuxi.The urea application rate at 0(CK),225,300 and 375 kg/ha was set in the first year and 0(CK),225 and 300 kg/ha was set in the second year in Jianshui.The yield and agronomic traits were analyzed with analysis of variance(ANOVA),and the planting benefit was analyzed by cost-benefit.The plant height,branch number,aboveground yield,tuber number per hill and mean tuber weight(the average of two varieties and two sites)of'Yunshu 902'were increased by 8.6%,25.0%,35.8%,8.6%,29.1%,respectively,than those of CK(the data of tuber number per hill and mean tuber weight in the second year were not investigated in Yuxi),and finally large-sized tuber percentage,tuber yield and income of growers were increased by 10.3%,26.3%and 17946 Yuan/ha,respectively,when the urea fertilizer was applied within 30 days after emergence(75%of emergence percentage)in the winter and early spring planting region.However,the best results were obtained when the urea applied as additional fertilizer at the rate of 150(Yuxi)and 225 kg/ha(Jianshui).Beyond this rate,the yield increased,but the fertilization efficiency was not high.The tuber yield was reduced when urea fertilizer was applied later than 30 days after emergence.For example,in the second year of Jianshui,fertilizer was applied on March 20,2020,the late stage of tuber setting,and additional fertilizer application was not conducive to tuber bulking,resulting in yield reduction.

关 键 词：马铃薯 云薯902 提苗肥 施用量 追施时间 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]