注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的认知与功能损害特征  

Characteristics of cognitive and functional impairment in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

作　　者：何巧智 李小玲[1] 冯丽燕 蒙晓梅[1] 庾红业 江蕙芸[1] HE Qiaozhi;LI Xiaoling;FENG Liyan;MENG Xiaomei;YU Hongye;JIANG Huiyun(Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Nanning 530005,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院,中国南宁530005

出　　处：《教育生物学杂志》2022年第2期109-112,118,共5页Journal of Bio-education

摘　　要：目的探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童的认知与功能损害特征。方法选取2019年1月—2020年12月在广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院门诊确诊的ADHD患儿(ADHD组,n=320),采用韦氏儿童智力量表(Wechsler intelligence scale for children,WISC)第4版(WISC-Ⅳ)、中文版SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表父母版(Chinese version of Swanson Nolan and Pelham,versionⅣscale,parent form,SNAP-Ⅳ)和Weiss功能缺陷量表父母版(Weiss functional impairment rating scale,parent form,WFIRS-P)对儿童的认知特征、ADHD症状和功能损害情况进行评估,以同期接受常规健康体检的同年龄段儿童作为正常对照(对照组,n=120)。结果与对照组比较,ADHD组WISC-Ⅳ中言语理解指数、知觉推理指数、工作记忆指数、加工速度指数及总智商均较低,SNAP-Ⅳ中注意缺陷、多动/冲动、对立违抗项目得分及WFIRS-P中家庭、学习/学校、生活技能、自我观念、社会活动、冒险活动项目得分均较高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。在ADHD组,智力水平<90分亚组的SNAP-Ⅳ和WFIRS-P各项目得分均显著高于智力水平≥90分亚组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论ADHD儿童存在认知相对低下和功能损害情况,且智力水平较低者ADHD核心症状及功能损害更严重。Objective To explore the characteristics of cognitive and functional impairment in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Methods A total of 320 children who were diagnosed as ADHD in the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between Jan.2019 and Dec.2020 and 120 normal control children were recruited in the study.The Wechsler intelligence scale for children,fourth edition(WISC-Ⅳ),Swanson Nolan and Pelham of Chinese version,version Ⅳ scale,parent form(SNAP-Ⅳ),and Weiss functional impairment rating scale,parent form(WFIRS-P)were used to evaluate the symptoms and functional impairment of children.Results Compared with the control group,the speech comprehension index,perceptual reasoning index,working memory index,processing speed index in WISC-Ⅳ and total intelligence quotient(IQ)in the ADHD group were all significantly lower(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,attention deficit,hyperactivity/impulsivity,and oppositional defiant items in SNAP-Ⅳ,and family,learning/school,life skills,self-concept,social activities,and risk-taking activity scores in WFIRS-P in the ADHD group were all significantly higher(P<0.05).In the ADHD group,the scores of SNAP-Ⅳand WFIRS-P in the subgroup with IQ<90 were significantly higher than those in the subgroup with IQ≥90(P<0.05).Conclusion ADHD children have relatively low cognition and functional impairment,and the core symptoms and functional impairment of ADHD are more serious in those with lower intelligence level.

关 键 词：注意缺陷多动障碍 智力 认知 功能损害 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]