合成生物学与纳米生物学的交叉融合及其在生物医药领域的应用  

Integration of synthetic biology and nanobiotechnology for biomedical applications

作　　者：郑涵奇 吴晴 李洪军 顾臻 ZHENG Hanqi;WU Qing;LI Hongjun;GU Zhen(Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China;Zhejiang Laboratory of Systems&Precision Medicine,Liangzhu Laboratory,Zhejiang University Medical Center,Hangzhou 311121,Zhejiang,China;Department of General Surgery,Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310016,Zhejiang,China;MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省先进递药系统重点实验室,浙江大学药学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]浙江省系统与精准医学实验室,良渚实验室,浙江大学医学中心,浙江杭州311121 [3]浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院,普外科,浙江杭州310016 [4]高分子合成与功能化教育部重点实验室,浙江大学高分子科学与工程系,浙江杭州310027

出　　处：《合成生物学》2022年第2期279-301,共23页Synthetic Biology Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFA0909900);国家自然科学基金(52173142);浙江大学科研启动经费。

摘　　要：合成生物学与纳米生物学的交叉融合业已成为促进生物技术与生物医药领域发展的重要方向之一。利用合成生物学技术可以帮助生物源性纳米材料创造特殊的结构与功能,驱动纳米生物学的发展。纳米技术的应用则可助力基因线路递送,提升基于合成生物学的生产效率;参与介导基因调控,拓展合成生物学技术的应用场景。合成生物学和纳米生物学的融合可以构建出纳米级功能模块和纳米人工杂合系统,增强改造后体系的功能。本文将着重介绍近期合成生物学和纳米生物学交叉融合的相关研究进展,从纳米技术为合成生物学的发展赋能、合成生物学成为助力纳米技术应用的新引擎以及合成生物学和纳米生物学融合发展这三个角度,着重阐述该领域近期的重点工作,剖析并展望相关技术在基因编辑、药物递送以及医学成像等生物医药领域的应用和前景。未来,合成生物学和纳米生物学的交叉融合可能朝着模块化、标准化、仿生化、功能集成化和智能化的方向进一步发展,为生物医药领域带来新的突破。Synthetic biology aims at designing,transforming,and even re-synthesizing living organisms with specific functions.Nanobiotechnology is devoted to solving major biological problems through drug delivery and disease diagnosis and intervention by utilizing the unique physical,chemical and biological properties of substances at micro-and nano-scales.The integration of synthetic biology and nanobiotechnology promotes the fundamental and clinical development of biomedical science and biotechnology.Nanomaterials obtained through synthetic biology technology could be endowed with unique structures and functions,facilitating the advances of nanobiology.The application of nanotechnology can expand the application scenarios of synthetic biotechnology,improve the production efficiency of target compounds,and enhance the functions of modified organisms.This review focuses on the recent research progress in the interdisciplinary field of synthetic biology and nanobiotechnology from three perspectives,including(1)how can nanotechnology reinforce the development of synthetic biology?(2)how can synthetic biology extend the applications of nanotechnology?(3)how can synthetic biology and nanobiology jointly work to bring in new techniques?Specifically,the nanocarriers can enhance the delivery efficiency of synthetic gene circuits and genome editing agents.The ability to realize the signal transduction of nanoparticles can enable the spatiotemporal control of gene expression via minimally invasive manipulations.The biologic nano-agents strengthened by genetic engineering have been developed,such as the programmed cell-derived particles,including exosomes,microvesicles,and membrane-derived particles.Under the guidance of the philosophy of synthetic biology,modular functional nanocomponents can be formulated by self-assembly on the basis of nucleic acids,proteins,lipids,polymers,and inorganic materials.The nanodevices and engineered biological chassis can benefit the hybrid system through taking advantage of both sides.Furthermore,we

关 键 词：纳米技术 合成生物学 仿生 基因工程 药物递送 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]