“难道”的标记功用及其演变成因与机制——兼论“难道说”“难不成”的功用  

The Marking Function of“Nandao(难道)”and Its Evolution Cause and Mechanism:the Function of“Nandaoshuo(难道说)”and“Nanbucheng(难不成)”

作　　者：李蓉蓉[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学

出　　处：《世界华文教学》2021年第2期163-183,共21页

基　　金：上海师范大学一流研究生教育项目“中文学科的本硕博一体化培养”资助(项目编号:2-310003)。

摘　　要：现代汉语中,“难道”分布的句法环境多为反问句,句末多有语气词“吗、么、不成”等与其配合使用。特殊的语用需求导致“难道”出现停顿单用。“难道”经常用于反问句,具有反诘式强调、反问式肯定和语篇性衔接的表达功能,可以看作强化标记。蕴含推理和情态反映是“难道”演化的动因,语境吸收和高频类推是其语法化和标记化的重要机制。In modern Chinese,the syntactic environment of the distribution of“Nandao”is mostly rhetorical questions,and the modal words“Ma,Me,Bucheng”are used together at the end of the sentence.The special pragmatic needs lead to the use of“Nandao”alone.“Nandao”is often used in rhetorical questions,with rhetorical emphasis,rhetorical affirmation and textual cohesion of expression functions.It can be regarded as a strengthening mark.Implicit reasoning and modal reflection are the causes of the evolution of“Nandao”.Contextual absorption and high-frequency analogy are the important mechanisms of grammaticalization and marking.

关 键 词：“难道” 强化标记 蕴含推理 语境吸收 高频类推 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]