松紧象似原则与命名性定中黏合结构单音节定语位置问题  

On the Elastic Iconicity and the Position of Monosyllable Modifier in Designating Modifier-Head Bounded-Structures

作　　者：应学凤[1] 聂仁发[2] YING Xue-feng;NIE Ren-fa(School of Chinese Studies,Zhejiang International Studies University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310012,China;School of Humanities and Communication,Ningbo University,Ningbo Zhejiang 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江外国语学院中国语言文化学院,杭州310023 [2]宁波大学人文与传媒学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《语言研究》2022年第2期18-23,共6页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“基于语料库的汉语黏合结构韵律语法研究”(21BYY036)。

摘　　要：命名性定中黏合结构单音节定语有居首和居中两个位置。一般认为单音节定语居首可接受度低,需要后移,并提出了各种解释。实际上,这是两类不同结构,表意有差异,松紧象似原则可以解释单音节定语位置问题。居首、居中单音节定语构成的定中黏合结构松紧不同,语义有别。单音节定语居中的既是紧的词法结构,又是紧的节律形式,具有称谓性语义特征。从松紧和语义上看,单音节定语居中形式最适合用作名称。单音节居首形式是由相应的定中组合结构紧缩“的”而成,还“沾有”相应组合结构的描写性、对比性、区别性的语义特征。单音节居首形式是需要凸显对比性、区别性语义特征的名称的最匹配的形式。Monosyllable modifiers in designating modifier-head bounded-structures are found either in the beginning or the middle of the structures, with the former being less acceptable and thus apt to being moved backward. There are quite a few explanations for the practice. In fact, the two are of different structures with different connotations. The position of monosyllable modifiers can be explained from the light of elastic iconicity, with the modifier being put in different positions, the elasticity of the structure is different, therefore producing different connotation. When the modifier is put in the middle, the structure is tight both lexically and rhythmically, which gives it a designating semantic feature. From perspectives of both elasticity and semantics,when the modifier being put in the middle, the structure is most suitable for being used as a designation. On the other hand, when the modifier is place in the beginning, the structure is mostly used to highlight the contrast or the distinctiveness in semantics.

关 键 词：松紧象似 区别性 称谓性 定中黏合结构 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]