刑事缺席审判中的有效辩护  

Effective Defense in Criminal Trial by Default

作　　者：詹建红[1] 许晏铭 ZHAN Jian-hong;XU Yan-ming

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073 [2]中国海洋大学法学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《华侨大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第2期97-110,共14页Journal of Huaqiao University(Philosophy & Social Sciences)

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“刑事案件律师辩护全覆盖的实现模式研究”(19SFB2034)。

摘　　要：在法庭上公平质证是受刑事指控者所享有的一项最低限度权利保障。为避免这项保障遭受不当的克减,我国刑事诉讼法在确立缺席审判制度的同时,专门规定了被告人及其近亲属的委托辩护权利和公权力机关的法律援助辩护义务。作为程序正当性的替代来源,律师的有效辩护在缺席审判中发挥着维系基本的诉讼构造、提供必备的裁判信息和创造间接的交涉平台三项功能。但同时,缺席审判制度本身也给律师有效辩护带来了侦查中心主义变相强化、各项辩护权利无的放矢和辩方内部关系分化解体三项挑战。在缺席审判中实现有效辩护需要解决的核心问题在于,针对程序的内在特点,为辩护律师积极行使各项权利提供充分的执业保障、创造完备的法律依据和建立必要的制度基础。通过这些举措,逐步促进律师在缺席审判中积极履责,强化律师在缺席审判全阶段的作用,最终形成以审判为中心的缺席审判制度。Fair cross-examination in court is a minimum guarantee of rights enjoyed by criminal prosecutors. In order to avoid undue derogation from this guarantee, while establishing system of a criminal trial by default, China specifically stipulates the right of the defendant and his close relatives to entrust defense, and the obligation of legal aid defense of the public authorities. As an alternative source of procedural legitimacy, the effective defense of lawyers plays three roles in maintaining the basic litigation structure, providing necessary adjudication information and creating an indirect negotiation platform in trials by default. But at the same time, the system of trial-by-default also brings three challenges to the effective defense of lawyers: investigation centrism in disguise, the lack of right to defense, and the disintegration of the internal relationship of the defense. The core problem that needs to be solved to achieve effective defense in trial by default is to provide adequate practice guarantees, create complete legal basis, and establish the necessary institutional basis for defense lawyers to actively exercise their rights in accordance with the procedure. Then we will gradually promote lawyers to actively perform their duties and strengthen the role of lawyers in trial by default, and finally establish a trial-centered system of trial by default.

关 键 词：刑事缺席审判 有效辩护 以审判为中心 无效辩护 

分 类 号：D915.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]