近现代日本汉语语言学史主流意识  

The Mainstream Views in the History of Chinese Studies in Modern Japan

作　　者：李无未[1] 李逊[2] LI Wuwei;LI Xun(the Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Xiamen University)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学中文系 [2]厦门大学国际中文教育学院

出　　处：《当代语言学》2022年第2期283-306,共24页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学团队项目资助(项目编号:21VJXT014);国家哲学社会科学基金重点项目《东亚<韵镜>学史文献发掘与研究》(编号:20AYY017)成果之一。

摘　　要：近现代(1895—1945)日本汉语语言学史(“汉语语言学”简称“汉语学”)主流意识,是过去很少有人进行探讨的话题。本文从比较语言学(“双色调”意识)、方言地理学(“地质层位”意识)、结构主义(“索绪尔”意识)、文献与语言(“考据”意识)这四个视角加以探讨,力图理清日本近现代汉语学史的主流意识线索。对每一个理论视角都追根溯源,梳理西方语言学理论传入日本的过程,把西方语言学理论对日本语言学(包括国语学与汉语学两方面)的影响和造成的学术效果作为研究对象,将潜在理论意识的表现形式揭示出来,尽力解释日本汉语学发展中语言理论的刺激因素。在这当中,对每一种语言学理论的学术结果所构成的“真”与“伪”、“形式”与“内容”、“政治”与“科学”、文献与语言等“界限”加以区分,寻求一种观察历史演进的方式。日本的比较语言学衍生出理论意识的两个“支脉”,一种是所谓的“帝国版图内语言谱系”意识,进而发展成伪学术的“大东亚语言学”研究模式,对近现代日本汉语学理论意识的建构产生了消极影响,破坏了汉语学研究生态;另一种是真正的历史比较语言学意识,奠定了日本汉语学的主流理论基础,为日本战后清理伪学术“大东亚语言学”意识,回归汉语学科学研究“正轨”发挥了积极作用。以理论意识为观察视角的意义,在于为全面而系统研究近现代日本汉语学史确立至关重要的原则和模式,同时,为与之相关的日本日语学史研究提供重要的借鉴。本研究希望通过中日两国学术界在汉语学史与日本日语学史领域的研究,有效廓清学界对伪学术“大东亚语言学”的“混沌”认识状态。This paper discusses the mainstream views of the history of Chinese studies in Modern Japan(1895—1945). Under the influence of Western linguistics, many Japanese scholars adopted comparative linguistic methods to the study of Chinese. However, not all these studies were carried out from the scientific perspective of comparative linguistics. Some of the Japanese scholars failed to adhere to the basic principles of comparative linguistics, and forged a false picture of “Greater East Asian linguistics” on the basis of Japanese. Although a very negative effect has been exerted on the construction of the views of Chinese studies in modern Japan by the above false comparative studies, historical comparative linguistics constitutes the mainstream in the studies of Chinese in Japan. Under the influence of European historical linguistic theories, and especially inspired by works like Linguistics(1891) by Georg von der Gabelentz, many historical linguistic studies appeared in Japan, among which the most important were Linguistics(1975) by Ueda Kazutoshi based on his 1896—1898 lectures, Modern Chinese Linguistics(1908) by Gotō Asatarō, A Historical Survey of Eastern Languages(1927) and An Introduction to Linguistics(1935) both by Shinmura Izuru, A Study of Chinese Linguistics(1928—1930) by Takahata Hikojirō, and On Phonology(1940) by Arisaka Hideyo as well as his translation of Linguistics(1874) by Archibald H. Sayce. These works played an important role in the development of the scientific comparative linguistics from the perspective of East Asian languages.

关 键 词：日本汉语语言学史 比较语言学 “大东亚语言学”殖民意识 

分 类 号：H1-09[语言文字—汉语]