基于激光测距的管壳件圆柱度测量系统  

Research on Cylindricity Measurement System of Cylindrical Parts Based on Laser Displacement

作　　者：柴众 陆永华[1] 陈强 高铖 CHAI Zhong;LU Yonghua;CHEN Qiang;GAO Cheng(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China;State-Owned Jinjiang Machine Factory, Chengdu 610043, China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学机电学院,江苏南京210016 [2]国营锦江机械厂,四川成都610043

出　　处：《测试技术学报》2022年第1期66-72,共7页Journal of Test and Measurement Technology

基　　金：国家自然基金资助项目(51975293);航空科学基金资助项目(2019ZD052010)。

摘　　要：本文设计并实现了一种基于激光位移传感器的管壳类零件圆柱度误差的非接触测量系统.利用电动旋转台带动激光位移传感器在圆柱件内部旋转一圈,即可获得该测量截面的轮廓信息,调整传感器的上下高度即可获得零件多个截面轮廓信息.将测量得到的多个截面数据点投影到XOY平面,根据圆柱度的定义,使用粒子群优化算法,拟合得到包括所有测量截面数据点的最小区域同心圆,计算两同心圆的半径差即为管壳件的圆柱度误差.试验结果表明,该测量系统具有较高的测量精度和测量效率.测量系统的不确定度为0.021 mm,对同一个零件进行8组测量,重复测量误差不超过0.065 mm,并且单个零件圆柱度的测量时间在5 min之内,能够实现管壳件圆柱度的快速、准确测量.A non-contact measurement system for cylindricity error of shell and tube parts based on laser displacement sensor was designed and implemented in this paper.Using the electric rotary table to drive the laser displacement sensor to rotate inside the cylinder,we can obtain the profile information of the measured section.Adjusting the height of the sensor,the profile information of multiple sections of the part can be obtained.The measured data points of multiple sections were projected onto the XOY plane.According to the definition of cylindricity,the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm was used to fit the minimum area concentric circle including all data points,and the radius difference between the two concentric circles was calculated as the cylindricity error of the tube and shell parts.The experimental results show that the measurement system has high accuracy and efficiency.The uncertainty of the measurement system is 0.021 mm and the error range of 8 groups of measurement experiment for the same part is less than 0.065 mm.The cylindricity error of single part can be measured in 5 min using the measurement method proposed in this paper.It can realize the rapid and accurate measurement of cylindricity error.

关 键 词：非接触测量 激光位移传感器 管壳件 粒子群算法 圆柱度 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学]