体象灵活性:测量、相关因素与干预  

Body image flexibility:measurement,correlated factors and intervention

作　　者：段维 肖泽萍[1] 陈珏[1] Duan Wei;Xiao Zeping;Chen Jue(Shanghai Mental Health Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心,上海200030

出　　处：《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》2022年第3期278-283,共6页Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82071545);上海申康医院发展中心临床科技创新项目(SHDC12019129)。

摘　　要：体象灵活性是心理灵活性在体象领域的精细概念,反映了个体能否以开放、接纳的方式充分体验消极体象及其相关事件,并继续采取符合个人价值观的行为。人们的体象其实并非稳定不变,若在出现消极波动后未能及时进行有效调节,容易发展成体象障碍(body image disturbance,BID),这也是进食障碍(eating disorder,ED)和躯体变形障碍(body dysmorphic disorder,BDD)的核心病症和精神病理机制之一。体象灵活性是此发展路径中的重要影响因素之一,近年来作为体象的保护因素受到了越来越多的关注。目前相关研究大多关注进食障碍患者及其亚临床群体,主要用身体意象-接纳与行动问卷进行测量。体象灵活性和性别、年龄、体形、性取向等个体特征因素和个体所处的文化环境有关,积极体象、消极体象、进食障碍病理特征等因素与其也有密切联系。干预方面,正念、接纳、关怀等认知行为治疗第三浪潮中的成分也许能对体象灵活性进行有效的精准干预。未来需完善相关研究方法和设计,研究对象则应扩大范围,如躯体变形障碍患者群体,干预方面则需进一步开发针对体象灵活性的干预方法,并检验疗效机制。Body image flexibility(BIF)is the specific type of psychological flexibility in the research field of body image,which reflects the ability to experience negative body image and related events in an open and acceptive way,and take actions consistent with one's values.Body image is actually not stable.If negative body image could not be adjusted effectively in time,it would develop into body image disturbance(BID),which is one of the core symptoms and psychopathological mechanisms of eating disorder(ED)and body dysmorphic disorder(BDD).BIF is one of the important factors in this development path,gaining more and more attention as a protective factor for body image.So far,most studies focus on eating disorder patients and related sub-clinical populations.Body image-acceptance and action questionnaire is the most widely used measurement.BIF is related to some sample characteristics,such as gender,age and body size.Cultural context also has an impact on it.Positive and negative body image and eating disorder pathological characteristics are also strongly associated with BIF.As to the intervention,the application of mindfulness,acceptance and compassion in treatment may improve BIF.Future studies need to improve the research methods and designs,and pay attention to other samples.More specific interventions need to be developed,of which the therapeutic mechanisms also need to be explored.

关 键 词：身体意象 体象灵活性 体象障碍 进食障碍 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]