汉语“浇灌”“浇淋”义词的历时演变  

Diachronic evolution of the words with the meaning “irrigate” and “pour” in Chinese

作　　者：汤传扬 TANG Chuanyang(Institute of language,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences/Dictionary Compilation Research Center,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所/辞书编纂研究中心,北京100732

出　　处：《重庆理工大学学报（社会科学）》2022年第4期186-197,共12页Journal of Chongqing University of Technology（Social Science）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“近代汉语常用词词库与常用词历史演变研究”(11&ZD125);江苏省社会科学基金重点项目“基于汉语史语料库建设实践的中古汉语分词标准研究”(19YYA001);中国社会科学院语言研究所一般项目“字词关系与《现代汉语词典》的编纂”(YB21-13)。

摘　　要：“浇灌”“浇淋”义词是日常生活中的常用动词。汉语史上,表“浇灌”义的主导词经历了“灌→溉→浇”的更替,表“浇淋”义的主导词经历了“沃→浇→浇/淋”的更替。“灌”“浇”“沃”兼跨“浇灌”“浇淋”两个概念场,将两者结合起来研究更有助于系统把握相关词汇。汉语“浇灌”“浇淋”义词的语义演变中有一些有规律的语义演变模式和路径,这些语义演变背后的机制是转喻。有的语义关联模式在其他语言中也能见到,具有类型特点。该专题对常用词演变研究有如下启示:研究方法上,可以将概念场成员及分布的历时考察与语义演变结合起来研究;研究材料上,可以扩大语料调查范围,考虑专业文献。Words with the meaning“irrigate”“pour”are common verbs in human daily life.In Chinese history,the leading word in the“irrigation”concept field goes through changes from“Guan(灌)”to“Gai(溉)”and then to“Jiao(浇)”,the leading words in the“pour”concept field go through changes from“Wo(沃)”to“Jiao(浇)”and then to“Jiao(浇)and Lin(淋)”.“Guan(灌)”“Jiao(浇)”“Wo(沃)”double span“irrigate”and“pour”concept fields,the combination of the two is more helpful to grasp the relevant vocabulary systematically.There are some regular semantic evolution patterns and paths in the semantic evolution of words with the meaning“irrigate”“pour”in Chinese,the mechanisms behind these semantic evolution is metonymy.Some semantic relevance patterns can also be seen in other languages,which have typological characteristics.This topic has the following enlightenments for the study of the evolution of common words.In research methods,the diachronic investigation of the membership and distribution of concept fields can be combined with the semantic evolution.In research materials,the scope of the corpus survey can be expanded to take into account professional literature.

关 键 词：浇灌 浇淋 历时演变 共时分布 语义演变 

分 类 号：H313[语言文字—英语]