早熟、优质油蟠桃新品种中油蟠36-3的选育  

An early ripening and hiyh quality flat nectarine cultivar Zhong Youpan 36-3

作　　者：牛良[1] 鲁振华[1] 崔国朝[1] 曾文芳[1] 潘磊[1] 王志强[1] NIU Liang;LU Zhenhua;CUI Guochao;ZENG Wenfang;PAN Lei;WANG Zhiqiang(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Peach&Grape Improvement Center,Zheng�zhou 450009,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所/国家桃、葡萄改良中心,郑州450009

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第5期895-898,共4页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-31-1)。

摘　　要：中油蟠36-3是以油蟠桃单株97-3-21为母本、早熟油桃品种中油桃5号为父本,经胚挽救后选育而成的早熟、白肉油蟠桃品种。该品种果形扁平,较对称,平均单果质量80~120 g,最大150 g左右。果皮底色浅绿白,成熟时大部分果面着鲜红色,美观,果顶有少量果锈。果肉白色,硬熟时脆甜,完熟后多汁,可溶性固形物含量(w)13.5%~16.9%,浓甜,品质优。黏核。花铃型,花瓣5枚,花粉多。自花结实,丰产。在郑州地区,一般年份2月底萌芽,3月中下旬始花,果实6月中旬成熟,果实发育期80 d左右,11月中旬左右完全落叶。适宜在北方露地及设施促早栽培,南方地区可尝试避雨栽培。Flat peach/nectarine is a very distinctive variety of peach with a flat,plate like fruit.For a long time,the proportion of the flat peach/nectarine in the whole peach production has been very limited.The main reason is that there are few varieties with large,non-cracking fruit and wide adaptability.In particular,because the fruit surface is not protected by the fuzz like peaches,the fruit rust or cracking of the flat nectarine frequently occur.This results in the low rate of the commercial fruits in rainy areas or years and the loss of the production value of flat nectarine.In recent years,as the fast development of peach breeding in China,more and more new varieties have been introduced into the market,including flat peach and flat nectarine cultivars.More new flat peach/nectarine varieties with different ripening stages are expected to meet market supply.In 2002,a cross was made between the 97-3-21,a flat nectarine selection with small to middle fruit ripening in late June,and the early ripening nectarine Zhong Youtao 5 in order to breed early ripening flat nectarine.32 fruits were harvested.The embryos were cultured on WPM medium in tubes and stored in cold storage at 2-7℃for more than 90 days.When the seeds began to bud in the mid of October,the tubes were transfered to the culture room under 16℃and16/8 hours of light for 2 weeks.Finally,the seedlings were transplanted into nutrition pot(the matrix was peat∶vermiculite∶garden soil 1∶1∶1)in the solar greenhouse.In the mid of April of the next year,the hybrid seedlings were transplanted to the breeding nursery with a space of 4.0 m between the rows and 1.0 m in the row.The seedlings naturally grew to a spindle shape and were pruned slightly.Flowers differentiation occurred for the most of the seedlings in the autumn of 2004 and fruit bearing in 2005.The seedling numbered‘02-34-3’was selected because of its early maturity and excellent fruit quality.After many years regional test,in 2020,it passed the tree variety examination and approval of vari

关 键 词：油蟠桃 新品种 中油蟠36-3 白肉 早熟 优质 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]