海洋生物对微塑料迁移转化的调控作用  

Regulation of Marine Organisms on the Transport and Transformation of Microplastics

作　　者：薛润泽 刘卓苗 王萌 代燕辉 赵建[1,2] XUE Runze;LIU Zhuomiao;WANG Meng;DAI Yanhui;ZHAO Jian(Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《地球与环境》2022年第2期291-303,共13页Earth and Environment

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(202141003)。

摘　　要：近年来,海洋微塑料污染已成为全球关注的重要环境问题。海洋中广泛存在的微塑料可被藻类吸附、微生物定植,亦可被海洋动物摄食并蓄积。生物与微塑料之间的相互作用必然会改变微塑料的物理、化学性质,及其在海洋中的迁移转化。因此,本文系统地阐述了海洋生物对微塑料的吸附、摄入、蓄积与排泄等关键过程;重点总结了微塑料在海洋生物过程(如排泄、与海洋雪团聚、形成生物膜以及生物扰动)影响下的沉降-埋藏等迁移过程;深入讨论了海洋动物对微塑料的摄食、消化过程以及微生物的分解作用导致的微塑料破碎、降解以及塑料添加剂和吸附污染物的释放过程及其机理。本文阐明了海洋生物对微塑料迁移转化的调控作用,为理解海洋微塑料的环境归趋提供理论依据。In recent years,marine microplastic pollution has became a serious environmental problem,thus raising increasing global concern.Abundant microplastics in the ocean inevitably induce their adsorption and colonization with marine algae and microorganisms,subsequently enhance the ingestion/internalization and accumulation by marine organisms.In turn,the interactions of microplastics with organisms could alter their physiochemical properties,and related transport and transformation in the ocean.Therefore,this review systematically addressed the key processes of microplastics including adsorption,ingestion,accumulation,and excretion by marine organisms,and highlighted the settlement and burial of microplastics under the influence of marine biological processes(e.g.,the aggregation with marine snow and the formation of biofilm).More importantly,fragmentation and degradation processes of microplastics during interaction with marine organisms and the related mechanisms were demonstrated;the release of additives and adsorbed pollutants caused by ingestion,digestion and decomposition processes were discussed.Overall,this review made a critical summarization on the transport and transformation of microplastics during interaction with marine organisms,which presents a theoretical basis for understanding the fate of microplastics in marine environments.

关 键 词：海洋微塑料 迁移转化 生物调控 生物降解 

分 类 号：X142[环境科学与工程—环境科学]