大蒜及其活性成分抗病原微生物作用的研究进展  

Research progress on antiviral effects of Allium sativum and its active ingredients

作　　者：蒲川 胡海波[1] 匡海学 彭金年[1] 谭莹 黄浩[1] 胡斌 PU Chuan;HU Hai-bo;KUANG Hai-xue;PENG Jin-nian;TAN Ying;HUANG Hao;HU Bin(National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch,College of Pharmacy,Gannan Medical University,Ganzhou 341000,China;Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine Pharmacodynamic Material Bases,Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine,Harbin 150040,China;Mudanjiang Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Center,Mudanjiang 157000,China)

机构地区：[1]赣南医学院药学院国家中药现代化工程技术研究中心客家中医药资源研究分中心,江西赣州341000 [2]黑龙江中医药大学黑龙江省中药及天然药物药效物质基础研究重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [3]牡丹江市食品药品检验检测中心,黑龙江牡丹江157000

出　　处：《中草药》2022年第7期2174-2183,共10页Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81803493);江西省中医药科技计划一般项目(2020A0357);赣南医学院高层次人才科研启动基金资助项目(QD202009)。

摘　　要：大蒜Allium sativum是一种常见的药食两用草本植物,因其具有抗病原微生物、抗癌、抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗动脉粥样硬化和抗高血压等生物学活性而被广泛使用。研究显示,大蒜提取物含有多种具有生物学活性的化学成分,如有机硫化合物、黄酮类化合物和皂苷类化合物等,其中,大蒜素的生物活性最为显著,也是研究者最为关注的物质。大蒜素是一种具有广泛抗病原微生物作用的有机硫化合物,研究显示其对细菌、真菌、病毒和寄生虫具有明显的抑制作用。大蒜素显示出的抗病原微生物机制主要是对菌体巯基酶的竞争性抑制、对菌体结构的破坏及对生物被膜的影响等。近年来,研究证明大蒜素在与其他药物载体联用时能有效提高其抗病原微生物的活性或延长其作用时间。因此,大蒜素与其他药物载体的联用可以成为提高大蒜素化学性质稳定性的一种可行的替代方法。主要总结了近10年来大蒜及其活性成分在抗病原微生物方面发挥的作用并阐述了大蒜素发挥作用的机制以及与其他药物载体联用的效果,以期为大蒜在抗病原微生物中的应用提供参考。Allium sativum is an herbaceous plant with homology of medicine and food.It has wide application because of its biological activities including anti-pathogenic microorganism,anticancer,anti-oxidation,anti-diabetes,anti-atherosclerosis and antihypertension.Studies have shown that A.sativum extracts contain a variety of biologically active chemical ingredients,such as organic sulfur compounds,flavonoids and saponins.Among them,allicin has the most significant bioactive compounds and it’s also the most concerned substance by researchers.Allicin is a kind of organic sulfur compounds which exhibits extensive antibacterial,antifungal,antiviral and antiparasitic properties.The antimicrobial mechanism of allicin is mainly the competitive inhibition of thiol enzymes,the destruction of bacterial structure and the effect on biofilm,etc.In recent years,studies have proved that allicin can effectively improve its antimicrobial activities or prolong its action time when combined with drug carriers.Therefore,the combination of allicin and other drug carriers is a feasible alternative method,which can improve the chemical stability of allicin.In this paper,the role of A.sativum and its active ingredients on antimicrobial activities in recent 10 years are summarized,and the mechanism and the effect of allicin combined with drug carriers are described,in order to provide reference for A.sativum in anti-pathogenic microorganism application.

关 键 词：大蒜 大蒜素 抗病原微生物 机制 生物被膜 药物载体 

分 类 号：R282.710.5[医药卫生—中药学]