越南黎朝郑主时代华人身份转变与认同  

The Political and Cultural Identification of the Chinese in Vietnam during the Chúa Tri nh Period of the Nhà Hau Lê Dynasty

作　　者：叶少飞[1,2] Ye Shaofei

机构地区：[1]红河学院越南研究中心 [2]越南社会科学学院

出　　处：《海交史研究》2022年第1期36-58,共23页Journal of Maritime History Studies

基　　金：This research is funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development(NAFOSTED)under grant number 602.05-2019.01;2018年中国国家社科基金重大项目“越南汉喃文献整理与古代中越关系研究”(项目批准号:18ZDA208)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：17世纪明清政权交替,大量华人奔赴越南,为黎朝的南阮北郑两方政权接纳。南明政权灭亡后,阮主政权将“大明国”人编户齐民,设“明香社”管辖。由于郑主一方无强制规定,使得华人在黎朝能够继续使用“大明国”人的身份,并在宪庯以此身份参与本地人的公共活动。随着清商的到来并参与宪庯本地事务,又因黎朝本国亦自称“中国”,明清华人适应并遵从黎朝郑主时代的政治和文化环境,以“北国”人的集体身份为越南官员建祠立碑,但这并非明清华人的政治和文化认同,而是权宜之策,在不需要进行公共事务合作的情况下,则回归身份与认同一致的“大明国”和“大清国”人。产生于本国历史政治环境中的“北国”人则逐渐成为黎郑时期对明清华人的他称。郑主时代越南华人由“大明国”人到“北国”人的身份转变,展现了中国剧变时期海外华人不得已之下集体身份的选择和变动,其政治与文化认同也随之发生波动与改变。At the turn of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the 17th century,a large number of Chinese moved to Vietnam and were accepted by the Nguyên Regime in southern Vietnam and the Trinh Regime in northern Vietnam.With the fall of the Southern Ming Regime,Chúa Nguyên classified the“Daming Guo”people(Ming people)by household registration and established an administration bureau called“Minh Huong Xa”.However,no forced measures were taken against“Daming Guo”people by Chúa Trinh.Thus,the Chinese were able to participate in the local public activities in Pho Hien as“Daming Guo”people.When more and more Qing merchants were engaged in the local affairs in Pho Hien,since NhàHu Lêalso called itself“Zhongguo”,this allowed Ming and Qing Chinese to adapt easily and followed the local political and cultural practices.They built monuments for Vietnamese officials in the name of“Beiguo(Bac Quoc,Northern Country)”people,but it doesn’t mean that their political and cultural identification had changed.In private,they still called themselves“Daming Guo”or“Daqing Guo”people.“Beiguo”people gradually became an exonym for Chinese during the Chúa Trinh Period of the NhàHu LêDynasty.Such identity change was the last resort of the overseas Chinese during the social upheaval of China,which led to the change of their political and cultural identification.

关 键 词：“北国”人 “大明国”人 “大清国”人 越南华人 身份转变 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]