苗语松桃话疑问句的类型及其特征  

Types and Characteristics of Interrogative Sentences in Songtao Miao

作　　者：麻秀芝 MA Xiuzhi

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学民族学系,北京102488

出　　处：《民族语文》2022年第1期62-73,共12页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“中国民族语言形态句法类型学研究(18ZDA298)”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文以浸入式田野调查所得的自然语料为基础,运用语言类型学的理论方法来考察苗语松桃话疑问句的构成手段、句法特征。根据问答方式的不同,苗语松桃话疑问句可分为极性问句、选择问句和特指问句3种类型。苗语松桃话疑问句的构成手段各不相同,即极性问句可以通过语调、疑问语气词、否定词、疑问副词、并置动词或动词短语、形容词的肯定形式及其对应的否定形式等手段来实现;选择问句一般会有专门的选择标记来连接并列选择成分,也可以选用无选择标记来表示;而特指问句一般采用特定的疑问词。苗语松桃话的疑问句既符合疑问句类的诸多共性特征,但也有其个性特征。Based on natural data from the colloquial corpora obtained from immersion fieldwork,we investigate the formal devices and syntactic features of the interrogative sentences in Songtao Miao from the perspective of linguistic typological theories and approaches. The interrogative sentences in Songtao Miao can be classified into polar questions, alternative questions and content questions according to their different ways of asking and answering. The formal devices of interrogative sentences in Songtao Miao are different: the polar questions can be formed with intonation, question particles, negative words, question adverbs, the juxtaposition of an affirmative verb(or verb phrase) or an affirmative adjective with its corresponding negative form, while alternative questions are normally formed with specialized alternative markers which connects the coordinated alternative components, or can be formed without an alternative marker;and the content questions are generally formed with interrogative words. The interrogative sentences in Songtao Miao show commonalities with their counterparts in other languages and characteristics of their own.

关 键 词：苗语松桃话 疑问句 极性问句 选择问句 特指问句 

分 类 号：H216[语言文字—少数民族语言]