地铁环境振动所致结构噪声评价指标对比分析研究  

Comparative Analysis of Evaluation Indexes of Ground-borne Noise Caused by Metro Environmental Vibration

作　　者：曾会柯 盛曦 任伟新 周瑜 ZENG Huike;SHENG Xi;REN Weixin;ZHOU Yu(College of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518061,China;Institute of Urban Smart Transportation and Safety maintenance,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518061,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学土木与交通工程学院,深圳518061 [2]深圳大学城市智慧交通与安全运维研究院,深圳518061

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2022年第5期188-194,共7页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52008264)。

摘　　要：随着城市地铁路网加密和噪声敏感点增多,环境振动引发的二次结构噪声问题愈发严重。在开展结构噪声测量和评价工作时,若采用不同评价指标,其结果往往不一,因此,亟需探究不同指标之间的差异与联系。通过开展某高层建筑室内二次结构噪声测试,对比分析了国内外几种常用标准和导则中评价指标的差异。结果表明:(1)A计权声压级评价方法较为普遍,但其低频占主导时消减过多,100 Hz以下频段可适当参考DIN 45680—2020中相应的校正方法,改善A计权对低频部分的消减作用;(2)相较于常用的等效连续A声级,GB/T 50355—2018等标准采用1/1倍频程等效声级作为评价指标,频域范围多级评价指标更能突显噪声的频谱特性;(3)ISO 14837—1:2005采用最大A声级更能反映列车运行对敏感人群的睡眠影响程度,考虑到夜间噪声是投诉热点,建议降低夜间地铁沿线住宅100 Hz以上频段最大声级限值。With the increase of urban railway network encryption and noise sensitive points, the problem of ground-borne noise caused by environmental vibration has become more and more serious. The measurement and evaluation of ground-borne noise caused by metro environmental vibration often have different results due to different evaluation indicators used. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the differences and relations between different indicators. The differences of evaluation indicators in several common standards and guidelines at home and abroad are compared and analyzed based on the ground-borne noise test of a high-rise building. The results show that:(1) Equivalent continuous A-weighting sound pressure level is more common, but when the low frequency noise is dominant, the reduction is too much. For frequency bands below 100 Hz, the corresponding correction method in DIN 45680—2020 can be referred to improve the low-frequency band of results.(2)Compared with the commonly used equivalent continuous A-weighting sound pressure level, GB/T 50355—2018 adopts 1/1 octave equivalent sound pressure level as the evaluation index and the multi-level evaluation index could highlight the spectral characteristics of noise;(3)ISO 14837—1:2005 adopts the maximum A-weighting sound pressure level to better reflect the impact of train operation on the sleep of sensitive people. Considering that noise at night is a hot spot for complaints, it is recommended to lower the maximum sound level limit in the frequency band above 100 Hz for residential buildings along the metro line.

关 键 词：地铁 环境振动 结构噪声 评价指标 A计权声压级 最大声压级 

分 类 号：U231[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] X827[环境科学与工程—环境工程]