基于Sentinel-1 SAR数据巢湖流域洪水时空动态变化监测研究  

Research on Spatial-temporal Dynamic Changes of Flood in Lake Chaohu Basin based on Sentinel-1 SAR Satellite Image

作　　者：贾佳佳 马金戈 沈明[2] 齐天赐 曹志刚[2] 何艳芬[1] 段洪涛 Jia Jiajia;Ma Jinge;Shen Ming;Qi Tianci;Cao Zhigang;He Yanfen;Duan Hongtao(Northwestern University School of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Xi'an 710127,China;Institute of Remote Sensing and Geo-Information Science,Nanjing,China Institute of Geography and Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 21000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学院,陕西西安710127 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所遥感与地理信息科学研究室,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《遥感技术与应用》2022年第1期173-185,共13页Remote Sensing Technology and Application

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07603-001)资助。

摘　　要：洪涝灾害危害巨大,对区域人民生命财产和经济发展造成重大威胁,回溯区域洪水事件,甄别洪水风险区,判断洪水时空特征,并给出规划建议非常重要。以巢湖流域为试验区,基于Sentinel-1合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像,构建了谱间关系与阈值分割相结合的洪水淹没识别方法,应用于Google Earth Engine平台上,获得了2015~2020年巢湖流域洪水时空格局,结合土地利用数据,分析了洪水对巢湖流域农田和以建设用地代表的居民点的影响。结果表明:(1)该方法精度相比单波段阈值和简单指数法提升了3%~7%,能够快速应用遥感数据提取历年流域洪水淹没范围;(2)2015~2020年间,监测到两次特大洪水和一次小规模洪水,淹没范围集中在杭埠河、裕溪河、兆河等河流区域;(3)农田占据受淹面积的86.47%~95.35%,建设用地占据4.47%~5.36%,受到洪水影响的居民点主要为基层村庄及乡镇。研究表明了SAR卫星数据在监测巢湖流域洪水有良好的适用性,有助于掌握洪水对农田和乡村居民点的破坏程度,对于未来制定相关规划战略,加强流域乡村洪水控制保障人员与粮食安全十分关键。Flood disaster has great harm and poses a great threat to regional people’s lives and property and economic development.Therefore,the continuous high-time resolution remote sensing monitoring will be conducive to more objective and accurate detection of the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of flood risk areas.This research takes Chaohu Lake Basin as the experimental area,based on Google Earth Engine platform,collects Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)images,uses the flood inundation identification method combining spectral relationship and threshold segmentation to map the flood range of Chaohu Lake Basin from 2015 to 2020,and combines land use data,The impact of flood on farmland and residential areas represented by construction land in Chaohu Lake Basin is analyzed.The results show that:(1)the accuracy of this method is3%~7%higher than that of single band threshold method and simple index method,and can quickly extract the flood inundation range of watershed over the years by using remote sensing data;(2)From 2015 to 2020,two major floods and one small-scale flood were monitored,and the inundation scope was concentrated in Hangbu River,Yuxi River,Zhaohe River and other river areas;(3)Farmland accounts for 86.47%~95.35%of the flooded area,and construction land accounts for 4.47%~5.36%.The residential areas affected by the flood are mainly grass-roots villages and towns.The research shows that the application of SAR satellite data in flood monitoring can effectively monitor the impact range of flood on farmland and rural residential areas,which is very key to formulate relevant planning strategies in the future,strengthen rural flood control in the basin and ensure personnel and food security.

关 键 词：巢湖流域 Sentinel-1 洪水灾害 GEE 

分 类 号：TN957.52[电子电信—信号与信息处理] P332[电子电信—信息与通信工程]