东北三省土壤风蚀天数时空变化及分区评述  

Spatial-Temporal Variation and Zoning Review of Soil Wind Erosion in the Three Provinces of Northeast China

作　　者：杨婉蓉 刘志娟[1] 苏正娥 高伟达 任图生 杨晓光[1] YANG Wan-rong;LIU Zhi-juan;SU Zheng-e;GAO Wei-da;REN Tu-sheng;YANG Xiao-guang(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Land Scienceand Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2022年第5期327-339,共13页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0607402)。

摘　　要：基于东北三省1981-2017年气候资料,明确不同区域不同耕作阶段(全年、休耕期和播前1个月)不同等级日最大风速发生的变化规律;结合考虑降水影响下的起动风速指标,解析不同区域各阶段风蚀发生天数的时空规律,为各区域提出相适应的土壤保护耕作措施提供科学依据。结果表明:东北三省全年0-3级、4-6级和7级及以上日最大风速年均出现频率分别为48.5%、50.4%和1.1%,研究期内,全年、休耕期和播前1个月0-3级日最大风速出现频率均呈增加趋势,而4级及以上风速出现频率呈减少趋势。研究区域全年风蚀发生天数比例为35.0%,而播前一个月发生风蚀天数占该时期总天数的比例高于全年均值,达57.0%。大部分地区各个时期风蚀发生天数呈减少趋势。辽河平原区和三江平原区休耕期和播前1个月风蚀发生天数均较多,应重视风蚀对土壤的影响。松嫩平原区虽然休耕期土壤风蚀发生频率较低,但播前1个月风蚀发生较多,该区域应倡导免耕技术以降低土壤风蚀。Based on the meteorological data from 1981 to 2017 in the three provinces of Northeast China, the temporal and spatial patterns of daily maximum wind speed at different levels during three study periods(the whole year, the fallow period of the year and one month before sowing date) were analyzed. Then using the starting wind speed index considering the influence of precipitation, the temporal and spatial patterns of the days of soil wind erosion during three study periods in different regions were analyzed. And suggestions on soil conservation tillage measures in different regions were put forward. It will provide scientific basis for the promotion of soil conservation tillage measures in various regions. The results showed that the regional annual average frequencies of wind scaled from calm to gentle breeze, from moderate breeze to strong breeze and moderate gale and above were 48.5%, 50.4%and 1.1%, respectively. During the past 37 years, the frequencies of wind scale from calm to gentle breeze during these three study periods showed increasing trends, while the frequencies of wind scale in moderate breeze and above showed the decreasing trends. The regional annual proportion of the days of wind erosion was 35.0%, but this value is higher during one month before sowing period(57.0%). In most areas, the days of wind erosion in each period showed decreasing trends. In Liaohe plain and Sanjiang plain, the frequencies of wind erosion during fallow period and one month before sowing were serious. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the impacts of wind erosion on soil. In Songnen plain, the frequency of soil wind erosion is lower during the fallow period, but serious during one month before sowing. Therefore, no-tillage technology is advocated in this area to reduce soil wind erosion.

关 键 词：土壤风蚀 起动风速 降水 分区评述 东北三省 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]