马克思如何批判资本主义是不正义的?——论艾伦·布坎南的“内在批判”理论  

How Did Marx Criticize Capitalism as Unjust?——On Allen Buchanan’s “Internal Criticism”

作　　者：王宇明[1] Wang Yuming(College of Philosophy,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学哲学院

出　　处：《科学．经济．社会》2022年第1期27-36,共10页Science Economy Society

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“21世纪分析的马克思主义政治哲学研究”(18BZX030)。

摘　　要：马克思在著述中并未提出系统的正义理论,引发了当代学者关于解读马克思正义思想的争论。其中,艾伦·布坎南在吸取齐雅德·胡萨米和南希·霍尔姆斯特伦批评艾伦·伍德有关论述的基础上,提出马克思对资本主义的"内在批判"来修正和补充"塔克—伍德命题"。布坎南的"内在批判"理论,深刻地认识到了马克思社会批判理论的复杂性与深刻性、彰显了革命性。但是,布坎南的阐释并没有突破伍德将历史唯物主义理解为纯粹事实性理论的窠臼,忽视了历史唯物主义本身的规范性维度,并不能正面说明马克思的正义概念。布坎南理论的局限性表明了必须理解历史唯物主义理论中事实与规范的关系,才能说明马克思的规范性正义理论,为进一步建立马克思的政治哲学奠定基础。Marx did not provide a systematic account of the theory of justice in his writings,sparking a debate among contemporary scholars on how to interpret Marx’s theory of justice.Among them,Allen E.Buchanan,based on the criticism of Allen W.Wood by Ziyad.L.Husami and N.Holmstrom,proposed Marx’s“internal criticisms”to amend and supplement“Tucker-Wood Thesis”to correct its wrong conclusions.Allen E.Buchanan’s interpretation of the“internal criticisms”of capitalism profoundly recognizes the complexity and profoundness of Marx’s capitalist critique and demonstrates the thorough revolutionary nature of Marx’s social critical theory.However,Allen E.Buchanan’s interpretation does not break through the pattern that“ Tucker-Wood Thesis ”seen historical materialism as a pure science,ignoring the normative dimension of historical materialism itself,and fail to explain Marx’s theory of justice positively.The limitations of Buchanan’s theory demonstrate the need to understand the relationship between facts and norms in Marx’s theory of historical materialism in order to account for Marx’s theory of normative justice and to lay the foundations for the further development of Marx’s political philosophy.

关 键 词：艾伦·布坎南 马克思 正义 内在批判 塔克—伍德命题 

分 类 号：B712.5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]