科学评价当事人陈述的证明力——基于民间借贷案件的分析  

On Scientific Evaluation of the Probative Power of the Party's Statement--Based on the Analysis of Private Lending Cases

作　　者：占善刚[1] 王超[1] ZHAN Shan-gang;WANG Chao(Law School,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《烟台大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第3期14-24,共11页Journal of Yantai University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“审判程序违法的类型化处理研究”(17BFX053)。

摘　　要：我国民事证据规则一般性地否认了当事人陈述的独立证明力,规定其不得单独作为定案根据,这属于我国的独创性规定。实证研究表明,该规定在民间借贷案件中出现了选择性适用的现象,不能起到应有的作用。从理论角度观之,否认当事人陈述之独立证明力不仅违反法官认证的自由心证原则,为法官准确认定事实带来不必要的障碍,亦有可能侵犯当事人的证明权。评价当事人陈述的证明力,只能在“人民法院认为有必要”时,适用专门、独立的当事人询问程序,委诸法官在个案中自由裁量。The rules of civil evidence in China generally deny the independent proving power of the parties'statements and stipulate that they should not be used as the basis for deciding a case.The empirical study shows that this provision has the phenomenon of selective application in private lending cases and cannot play its due role.From a theoretical point of view,denying the independent probative force of the parties'statements not only violates the principle of free intention of evidence,but also creates obstacles for judges to determine the facts and even infringes upon the parties'right of proof.Only when the people's court considers it necessary to evaluate the probative force of a party's statement can the special and independent inquiry procedure of the parties be applied,and the judges can make their own discretion in cases.

关 键 词：当事人陈述 证明力 民间借贷 自由心证原则 当事人询问 

分 类 号：D915.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]