战国秦汉陶熨具及熨帖术再研究  

An re-investigation of the sadiron and the related medical treatments from the Warring States period to the Han period

作　　者：徐龙国[1] XU Longguo

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《中原文物》2022年第2期108-118,共11页Cultural Relics of Central China

摘　　要：自20世纪初期至今,陕西、江苏、河北、河南、山西、甘肃、山东、广东等地陆续发现一些形制规整的小陶具,大致可分A、B两型。A型合模烧制而成,中空,表面布满纹饰。B型以旧瓦磨制而成。时代集中于战国至秦汉时期。学界对两类器物的用途及性质认识不同,其中以安志敏先生的陶、史树青先生的陶砭之说影响最大。在一些西汉贵族墓葬中,因两类器物多与沐浴器放在一起,所以学者多赞同陶之说。笔者赞同陶砭之说,认为他们是用于医疗的器具——陶砭或陶熨具。古代熨法分水、火两种,与两种熨具大致对应,A型多用于水法,B型可放在火中煨烤,多用于火法。两种方法都需要把熨具放于人体患处。人们一般在洗浴前后进行熨帖治疗,因此陶熨具通常与洗浴器放在一起。From the beginning of the 20th century,a series of small pottery wares in standard shapes came to light successively in Shaanxi,Jiangsu,Hebei,Henan,Shanxi,Gansu,Shandong and Guangdong.They could be divided into two types.Type A were mould made,hollow inside and full of decorations outside.Type B were made from tiles.They dated from the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han period.Their functions have been debated.AN Zhiming argued they should have been pottery shuang,while SHI Shuqing argued they should have been pottery bian.The author agrees that they should have been pottery bian or pottery sadiron for medical purposes.Type A were heated with hot water,while type B were heated in fire.Both of them were placed atop the ill body area after being heated.Such medical treatments were normally applied before or after bath.Therefore,the medical facilities were often coexistent with bath utensils.

关 键 词：战国 秦汉 沐浴器 陶 陶砭 陶熨具 熨帖术 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生] K23[历史地理—历史学] K876.3[历史地理—中国史]