雉堞及其来源考述  

On the battlement defense facility and its origin

作　　者：李静杰[1] LI Jingjie

机构地区：[1]清华大学艺术史论系,北京100084

出　　处：《中原文物》2022年第2期135-144,共10页Cultural Relics of Central China

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金宗教学项目“中国佛教图像与思想研究”(批准号:21BZJ003)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明清城墙所见雉堞防御设施,有过怎样发展历程,源头何在,学界迄今没有具体阐释。本文以为,汉文化地区雉堞不晚于魏晋时期产生,南北朝隋唐五代时期有所流行,宋金时期广为流行,雉堞作二阶或三阶凸形,堞孔有无不定,形成汉文化地区特征。雉堞创始于西亚新巴比伦王国之前,约萨珊朝早期传入汉文化地区,萨珊朝晚期装饰性雉堞影响了中亚和西域,西北印度雉堞受中印度影响并形成地域特征。雉堞因其实用性和装饰性在亚洲建筑史上留下深刻印迹。How did the battlement defense facilities in the Ming and Qing Dynasties develop?What was the origin?No specific explanations have been drawn.The author proposes that the battlements in the Han culture area came into being no later than the Wei and Jin Dynasties.They became popular in the Southern and Northern Dynasties,Sui,Tang and Five Dynasties,and was common in the Song and Jin Dynasties.The battlements were convex in two or three steps,while the existence of holes in the battlements was random.The battlements were founded in prior to the New Babylonian Kingdom in Western Asia,which were introduced into the Han culture area in the early Sassanian period.The decorative battlements in the late period of the Sassanian Dynasty influenced Central Asia and the western regions.The battlements in northwest India,out of the influence of central India,formed regional characteristics.Because of its practicability and decoration,battlements have shaped Asian architectures profoundly.

关 键 词：雉堞 城墙 建筑图像 波斯文化 

分 类 号：K878.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]