中国乡村贫困多尺度研究理论框架及对乡村振兴的启示  

The Theoretical Framework of Multi-scale Research on Rural Poverty in China and Its Enlightenment to Rural Revitalization

作　　者：安悦 谭雪兰[1] 蒋凌霄 李印齐 周舟 余航菱 AN Yue;TAN Xuelan;JIANG Lingxiao;LI Yinqi;ZHOU Zhou;YU Hangling(College of Resources and Environment,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《经济地理》2022年第4期150-158,201,共10页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41971219、41571168);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2020JJ4372);湖南省哲学社会科学基金项目(14YBA209、18ZDB015);湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(18A102)。

摘　　要：文章针对乡村贫困的概念内涵、测度体系、影响因素及乡村振兴发展路径,从县域—村域—农户三个尺度进行分析,旨在为“后脱贫时代”乡村贫困相关理论研究与实证研究提供思路与参考。研究结果表明:(1)乡村贫困是一个复杂、综合的概念,具有多维性与多尺度性,可以从外部扰动、内部结构、构成维度、层级尺度与贫困主体等方面作进一步阐述。(2)测度体系作为乡村贫困研究的工具与基础,可分为尺度确定与测度流程两个部分,在具体实例研究过程中,可以针对不同空间尺度进行多种类型数据与方法融合的组合式研究。(3)在不同的空间尺度下,乡村贫困的影响因素存在差异,各因素的作用机制与表现形式随空间尺度与贫困主体发生转变,可以通过地理资本与生计资本两个方面反映各因素对县域、村域、农户的作用大小、方向与程度。(4)在分析乡村贫困的概念内涵、测度体系与影响因素的基础上,从多尺度乡村贫困视角探讨脱贫地区乡村振兴路径,具体包括重视乡村发展,加大乡村振兴的推动力;立足村域特色,挖掘乡村振兴的内生力;保障个体发展,激发乡村振兴的源动力。Eliminating poverty and realizing the overall revitalization of rural areas are both important subjects of rural systematic research in geography,and strategic themes in line with the needs of national development.In the first year of the 14th Five-Year Plan,this paper makes a brief analysis on the concept,measurement system and influencing factors of rural poverty,and explores the development path of rural revitalization from the perspectives of county,village,and peasant household,which aims to provide ideas and references for theoretical and empirical research on rural poverty in the "postpoverty alleviation era".Research indicates that:1) Rural poverty is a complex and comprehensive concept with multidimension and multi-scale.It can be further elaborated in terms of external disturbances,internal structure,structural dimensions,hierarchical scales and poverty subjects.2) As the tool and foundation of rural poverty research,the measurement system can be divided into two parts:scale determination and measurement process.The measurement process includes three sections:dimension selection,data source and method application.In the process of specific case studies,it can be targeted at different spaces.It conducts combined research on multiple types of data and methods at the different scales.3) Under different spatial scales,there are differences in the influencing factors of rural poverty.The mechanism and expression of each factor change with the spatial scale and the main body of poverty.Geographical capital and livelihood capital can reflect the impact of various factors on the size,direction and extent of rural poverty at county,village and peasant household scale.4) Based on the analysis of the connotation,measurement system and influencing factors of rural poverty,the development path of rural revitalization in poverty-stricken areas is discussed from the perspective of multi-scale rural poverty.Specifically,it includes attaching importance to rural development and increasing the driving force of rural revi

关 键 词：乡村贫困 多尺度视角 贫困测度 村域尺度 乡村振兴 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]