公证机构签发执行证书制度之检讨  

Review of the System of Issuing Enforcement Certificates by Notarial Agencies

作　　者：刘学在[1] 刘鋆[2] Liu Xuezai;Liu Jun(Law School,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430072;Law School,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450001)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072 [2]郑州大学法学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2022年第3期111-123,共13页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：2017年教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“民法典制定背景下程序法与实体法融合机制研究”(项目编号:17YJA820017);2021年河南省高等学校哲学社会科学基础研究重大项目“新时代检察民事公益诉讼基本程序体系研究”;2022年度河南省重点研发与推广专项(软科学研究)“黄河流域生态保护司法体系研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：公证机构签发执行证书的制度尚无直接的“法律”依据,与域外的执行文告制度亦存在重要区别。该制度无法达成其原有的制度目的,盖因公证机构仅有证明权而无调查权、裁判权。在我国执行法院对强制执行开始要件具有审查的权限和职责之情况下,执行证书制度的推行会造成强制执行理论的不协调、执行制度的不统一,并使得强制执行之启动程序复杂化、执行开始要件之审查重复化以及债权人之负担加重化。故为更好地保护当事人的权益,应当适时废除这一制度,并健全公证机构出具公证书的程序,理顺和完善执行程序中当事人之相关救济程序。There is no direct“legal”basis for the system of issuing enforcement certificates by notarial agencies,which is also differentfrom the foreign system of enforcement statement.The reason that the system fails to achieve is original purpose is that the notarial agencies have only the right to authenticate but not the power to investigate or adjudicate.As China’s enforcement courts have the power and responsibility to review the requirements for initiating enforcement,implementing the system of enforcement certificate will result in incongruity of the enforcement theory and inconsistency of the enforcement system,complicating the procedure of initiating enforcement,double the review of the requirements for initiating enforcement and aggravating the burden on the creditors.Therefore,in order to better protect the rights and interests of the parties,this system should be abolished in due time;the procedure of issuing notarial certificates by notarial agencies should be improved;and the relevant procedures for the parties’relief in the enforcement procedure should be straightened out.

关 键 词：公证机构 执行证书 执行法院 执行开始要件 审查权限 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]