高校牵头国家重大科技项目科研组织模式研究——以北航长鹰无人机为例  

Scientific Research Organization Pattern of National Science and Technology Programs Led by University Based on Grounded Theory:A Case Study of Beihang Changying UAV

作　　者：郑舒文 欧阳桃花[1] 张凤[2] Zheng Shuwen;Ouyang Taohua;Zhang Feng(School of Economics and Managment, BeiHang University;School of Humanities and Social Sciences(School of Public Administration), BeiHang University, Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学经济管理学院 [2]北京航空航天大学人文社会科学(公共管理)学院,北京100191

出　　处：《科技进步与对策》2022年第10期11-20,共10页Science & Technology Progress and Policy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(21ZDA012);北京市社会科学基金重点项目(20GLA075)。

摘　　要：新中国成立以来,国家在航空航天、通信计算机、智能制造、新材料等多个领域先后推出一系列重大科技项目,致力于突破关键技术、保障国防安全、推动社会经济发展。20世纪90年代末,我国将中高空长航时无人机研发作为重大战略性科技项目,在几乎一穷二白的困境下由高校牵头开展原型机自主研制并最终取得成功。以具有划时代意义的长鹰无人机研制历程为例,基于扎根理论归纳国家重大科技项目特征及科研组织模式,探讨模式中的关键组成要素及相互作用关系。结果发现,该模式以面向国家战略需求导向的大项目为牵引,在跨建制、跨单位、跨系统建成的国家队与产学研合作大平台的相互作用下,促成总体目标实现、人才队伍培养、产业发展带动等重大成果的正向激励反馈。在新时代背景下,该研究结论能为高校服务国家重大战略需求、更好地发挥科技创新生力军作用提供有价值的实践路径和管理经验。China has launched a series of large-scale task-oriented national science and technology programs with the aim to make breakthroughs in key technologies and promote economic development.It is of great significance to comprehensively summarize experiences for future scientific research organization pattern development.At the end of the 1990s,China regarded the development of mid-altitude and long-endurance UAV as a strategic major scientific and technological project.Starting from scratch,Beihang University led the independent development of UAV prototype and finally achieved success.It can be seen that due to the highly uncertain political and economic environment,the organizations undertaking national science and technology project are also confronted with increasing uncertainties.Therefore,both theoretical and practical circles are exploring the organization patterns of national science and technology programs.However,the existing studies mostly focus on the projects with obvious economic benefits rather than unclear market with technical difficulties.In terms of the research content,it mainly focuses on the summary of the overall practical experience of existing scientific and technological projects and the comparative analysis of the organization mode of scientific and technological projects at home and abroad,and they fail to explore the role of university in such projects.Therefore,this study attempts to summarize the characteristics and types of this kind of project led by university based on the specific case of Changying UAV development,explore the scientific research organization pattern behind their success,and respond to why university is more suitable to lead the large-scale and task-oriented national science and technology programs.Based on this,this paper adopts the method based on programmatic grounded theory to conceptualize and categorize the data obtained from field interview,observation and literature review in three stages:open coding,spindle coding and selective coding.Therefore,four core ca

关 键 词：国家重大科技项目 科研组织模式 大成果 大平台 无人机项目 

分 类 号：G644[文化科学—高等教育学]