元代色目进士与仕宦死节现象考析  

On the Chastity-Pursuing Death of Semu Jinshi and Officials in the Yuan Dynasty

作　　者：胡蓉 杨富学[2] Hu Rong;Yang Fuxue

机构地区：[1]甘肃政法大学文学与新闻传播学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]敦煌研究院人文研究部,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2022年第3期120-128,共9页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“元代畏兀儿文学及其与汉文化的交流”(21XZW023)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：元代科举兴起较晚且取士甚少,但元末死于国难的进士,尤其是色目进士却为数不少,占了很高的比例。在进士之外,死节的色目仕宦也很多,形成了历史上罕见的死节现象。这些色目进士与仕宦既非蒙古人,不属统治阶级之列;又非汉人,不像汉人那样有着传承千年的忠君伦理观念,他们的死节比例之高,是个非常值得思考的问题。究其原因,首先在于元代理学在入华色目人中的普及,理学所推崇的忠孝节义观对色目进士与仕宦产生了重大影响;其次,元代推行的科举制度偏袒色目人,使其在社会生活中拥有多种优势;最后,色目人虽非元朝政权的统治者,但颇受元朝统治者倚重,与元朝统治者形成了唇齿相依的关系。The rise of the imperial examination in the Yuan Dynasty was relatively late and few scholars were selected,but there were a large number of Jinshi who died in the national disaster at the end of the Yuan Dynasty,especially Semu Jinshi,accounting for a high proportion.In addition to Jinshi,many Semu officials also died at that time,forming a rare phenomenon of death in history.These Semu Jinshi and officials were neither Mongols nor the ruling class;They were not Han people.Unlike the Han people holding the ethical concept of loyalty to the king for thousands of years,the high proportion of their death was a problem worthy of consideration.The first reason lies in the popularity of Neo-Confucianism among Semu people entering China.The concept of loyalty,filial piety and righteousness advocated by Neo-Confucianism had a great impact on Semu Jinshi and officials;Secondly,the imperial examination system implemented in the Yuan Dynasty biased Semu people,making them have a variety of advantages in social life;Thirdly,although Semu people were not the rulers in the Yuan government,they were highly trusted and formed a close relationship with the rulers.

关 键 词：元代 色目进士 色目仕宦 畏兀儿 西夏 理学 

分 类 号：K247[历史地理—历史学]