基于语料库的反义形容词cold/hot的不对称性研究  

A Corpus-based Study on Asymmetry of Antonymous Adjectives Cold/Hot

作　　者：吴淑琼 张雪 WU Shuqiong;ZHANG Xue(Center for Linguistic,Literary&Cultural Studies,Sichuan International Studies University,Chongqing 400031,China;Schools of English Studies,Sichuan International Studies University,Chongqing 400031,China)

机构地区：[1]四川外国语大学外国语文研究中心,重庆400031 [2]四川外国语大学英语学院,重庆400031

出　　处：《山东外语教学》2022年第2期21-31,共11页Shandong Foreign Language Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目“类型学视野下的英汉反义关系认知研究”(项目编号:18XYY003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本研究采用基于语料库的行为特征分析法,运用聚类分析和对应分析考察了反义形容词cold/hot内部语义结构和用法特征的不对称性。研究发现:(1)Cold和hot作为多义温度词,其内部语义结构存在显著的不对称性。Cold的各个义项聚成两个大类,而hot的义项聚成四个大类;二者均以温度域为源域,通过概念隐喻映射到视觉、程度、态度、脾性、加工方式等目标域,但cold还可映射到事件状态、生命状态等概念域,hot亦可映射到关注度、处境、时效等概念域。(2)Cold和hot的用法特征也呈现出相似性和差异性。用作本义时,二者对称性显著;用作隐喻义时,不对称性显著。本研究为反义词的不对称性研究提供了新的路径。Adopting a corpus-based behavioral profile analysis,this paper examines the asymmetry of antonymous adjectives cold/hot in internal semantic structures and usage features by performing cluster analysis and correspondence analysis.The analyses yield the following findings.First,as polysemous temperature terms,cold and hot display asymmetry in internal semantic structures.The senses of cold are clustered into two categories,while the senses of hot are grouped into four categories.Taking the temperature domain as the source domain,both cold and hot can be mapped into the target domains of vision,degree,attitude,temperament and processing by conceptual metaphors,but cold can be extended from temperature to abstract concepts such as event state and life state,while the senses of hot can be extended to cognitive domains such as attention,situation and timeliness.Second,the usage features of cold and hot also display similarities and differences.When used literally,cold and hot show obvious symmetry in usage features.By contrast,when used metaphorically,they display an obvious asymmetry.This study provides a new path for the study of antonym asymmetry.

关 键 词：反义形容词 不对称性 行为特征 语料库 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]