n型有机热电材料掺杂改性的研究进展  

A Technological Review of Modifying n-type Organic Thermoelectric Materials by Adopting the Scheme of Doping

作　　者：高然 吴庆港 雷乐乐 钟定文 海杰峰 陆振欢 GAO Ran;WU Qinggang;LEI Lele;ZHONG Dingwen;HAI Jiefeng;LU Zhenhuan(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials,College of Chemistry and Bioengineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学化学与生物工程学院,广西电磁化学功能物质重点实验室,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第10期200-210,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21962005,21563007);广西自然科学基金(2018GXNSFAA281137,2017GXNSFAA198343)。

摘　　要：近年来,热电材料引起了越来越多的关注,尤其有机热电材料发展非常迅速。有机半导体具有质轻、成本低廉、柔性好、结构易裁剪和本征热导低等特点,在低温微温差发电与制冷等方面具有独特优势,在热电材料领域具有极大的发展前景。其中,p型有机热电材料的研究已取得了很大进展,其最高电导率超过1000 S/cm,热电性能接近无机材料的水平;相比之下,n型有机热电材料的发展则较缓慢,尤其电导率还有待进一步提高。提高n型有机热电材料性能的途径主要是通过分子骨架设计和侧链修饰来调控电导率、热导率和Seebeck系数,再引入掺杂剂掺杂改性,更进一步地提高材料热电性能。有机固相主要为非晶态,且分子间相互作用比较复杂,阻碍了掺杂机理的研究,导致掺杂改性研究发展缓慢。但最近涌现了不少文献成果,掺杂机理逐渐明晰,相关理论体系也越来越完整。本文综述了近年来掺杂改性n型有机热电材料的研究进展,探讨当前存在的问题,并展望该领域的发展方向。Recently,the development of thermoelectric materials has attracted ever-growing attention,especially for organic thermoelectric materials.Organic semi-conductors have the characteristics of lightweight,low cost,good flexibility,easily modifiable structures and low intrinsic thermal conductivity.They have unique advantages in power generation and refrigeration at low temperature and within narrow temperature diffe-rence,resulting in promising application potential in thermoelectric materials.Among them,the research of p-type organic thermoelectric materials has gained significant progress,and the state-of-the-art materials can exhibit a conductivity higher than 1000 S/cm,with thermoelectric properties close to those of inorganic materials.In contrast,the development of n-type organic thermoelectric materials is relatively slower.In particular,their electrical conductivity needs to be further improved.The main approach for improving the performance of n-type organic thermoelectric materials is to regulate the electrical conductivity,thermal conductivity and Seebeck coefficient via molecular backbone designing and side-chain tailo-ring,and then introduce the dopant for doping modification to further improve the thermoelectric properties.Because the organic solid phase is mainly amorphous and the intermolecular interaction is quite complicated,the doping mechanisms can hardly be figured out,resulting in the slow development of the research of doping modification.Fortunately,a lot of results reported in literature have proliferated,which makes the doping mechanism gradually clear,and make the related theories more and more systematic.In this paper,the research progress of modifying n-type organic thermoelectric materials by adopting the scheme of doping is reviewed;in addition,the existing problems and the developing perspective of this field are discussed.

关 键 词：N型 有机热电材料 掺杂 电导率 热电性能 有机复合材料 构效关系 

分 类 号：TN304.5[电子电信—物理电子学]