中国儿童青少年体力活动年龄性别和地区特征  

Physical activity of Chinese children and adolescents:age,gender and regional characteristics

作　　者：吴慧攀[1] 张明[2] 尹小俭 李佳威[5] 邓婷 张祥 王进贤 康栩烨 WU Huipan;ZHANG Ming;YIN Xiaojian;LI Jiawei;DENG Ting;ZHANG Xiang;WANG Jinxian;KANG Xuye(Research Center for Health Promotion of Children and Adolescents,Taiyuan Institute of Technology,Taiyuan(030008),China;不详)

机构地区：[1]太原工业学院儿童青少年健康促进研究中心,山西030008 [2]昌吉学院体育系 [3]上海应用技术大学经济与管理学院 [4]华东师范大学体育与健康学院 [5]太原工业学院体育系 [6]山西大学体育学院

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2022年第4期497-501,506,共6页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：上海市教育科学研究2021年度课题项目(C2021149);山西省哲学社会科学2021年度规划课题项目(2021YJ121)。

摘　　要：目的了解中国儿童青少年体力活动的年龄、性别和地区差异,为提高中国儿童青少年体力活动水平提供科学参考。方法依照中国行政区域划分的六大行政区(华东、西北、华北、华中、西南和华南),于2018年9—12月分别采用分层随机整群抽样法抽取4269名7~18岁儿童青少年,采用“中国7~18岁儿童青少年体力活动水平评价问卷”进行体力活动调查。结果中国儿童青少年中高强度体力活动(MVPA)不足总体检出率为53.8%,其中男生检出率为50.8%,女生为57.1%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.10,P<0.05);不同年龄段中,10~12岁MVPA不足检出率最低(43.6%),16~18岁最高(63.0%),性别间差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为4.33,30.79,P<0.05)。总体体力活动、低强度体力活动、中强度体力活动、高强度体力活动、中高强度体力活动时间的中位数分别为92.9,24.3,41.4,7.1,55.7 min/d。体育锻炼、家务活动、娱乐活动和交通活动的中位数分别为34.3,2.1,2.3,30.0 min/d,年龄段差异均有统计学意义(H值分别为95.03,74.99,300.26,64.16,P值均<0.05)。不同地区儿童青少年MVPA不足检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=83.91,P<0.05),华北地区最低(44.0%),华东地区最高(65.9%)。结论中国儿童青少年MVPA不足检出率随年龄增长呈先下降后升高趋势,男生体力活动水平高于女生。Objective To explore age,gender,and regional differences in physical activity among children and adolescents in China,and to provide a scientific reference for enhancing physical activity promotion.Methods A total of 4269 children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years were selected from six administrative regions of China(East China,Northwest China,North China,Central China,Southwest China and South China)using a stratified random cluster sampling method from September to December 2018.A questionnaire was administered to evaluate the physical activity level of Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 to 18.Results The overall detection rate of MVPA insufficiency in children and adolescents in China was 53.8%,of which the detection rate of MVPA insufficiency was 50.8%among boys and 57.1%among girls.Gender differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=17.10,P<0.05).Among the different age groups,the lowest detection rate of MVPA among 10-12 year olds was 43.6%,whereas the highest rate among 16-18 year olds was 63.0%,with significant differences between gender(χ^(2)=4.33,30.79,P<0.05).The P_(50) values of total physical activity(TPA),light-intensity physical activity(LPA),moderate intensity physical activity(MPA),vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA),moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)were 92.9,24.3,41.4,7.1 and 55.7 min/d,respectively.The P_(50) values of physical exercise,housework activities,entertainment activities and transportation activities were 34.3,2.1,2.3 and 30.0 min/d,respectively,and the difference in age groups was statistically significant(H=95.03,74.99,300.26,64.16,P<0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of insufficient MVPA among children and adolescents in different regions(χ^(2)=83.91,P<0.05).The lowest rate was 44.0%in North China,and the highest was 65.9%in East China.Conclusion The detection rate of MVPA insufficiency among Chinese children and adolescents firstly decreased and then increased with age.Boys participated in higher levels of p

关 键 词：运动活动 年龄因素 性别因素 儿童 青少年 

分 类 号：G[文化科学]