刑事附带民事公益诉讼若干问题探讨——以157份判决书为样本  

Discussion on Issues Concerning Civil Public Interest Litigation Attached to Criminal Cases:157 Judgments as Samples

作　　者：朱德安[1] 张伦伦 杨飞[3] Zhu Dean;Zhang Lunlun;Yang Fei(Tianjin University of Commerce,Tianjin 300134,China;Tianjin Xingtong Law Firm,Tianjin 300193,China;The People's Procuratorate of Hongqiao District,Tianjin 300122,China)

机构地区：[1]天津商业大学法律事务室,天津300134 [2]天津行通律师事务所刑事业务部,天津300193 [3]天津市红桥区人民检察院综合业务部,天津300122

出　　处：《贵州警察学院学报》2022年第1期52-61,共10页Journal of Guizhou Police College

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划项目(TJFX19-006)。

摘　　要：刑事附带民事公益诉讼是新的公益诉讼案件类型,此类案件在刑事方面几无争议,但在民事方面,存在规范层面的设计与供给不足、司法实践层面的操作不统一、判决差异性较大等问题。详言之,《解释》未明确应否履行公告程序,尽管《批复》肯定诉前公告,但对如何规范公告未作规定。作为民事部分责任承担主要依据第三方来源证据的采信说理欠缺,惩罚性赔偿衡量标准阙如,面临私益与公益价值的取舍问题。妥善处理审限关系,在法定主体提起诉讼的场合允许合并审理符合效率追求,公告主体、载体亦当有所规定;加强第三方来源证据的“三性”阐释,形成“主辅结合”的裁判样式;综合考量惩罚性赔偿的适用,以维护公益为核心适当突破制度圈。Civil public interest litigation attached to criminal cases is a new type of public interest litigation stipulated in the Interpretation on Issues Concerning Procuratorate's Application of Law in Public Interest Litigation Cases(hereinafter referred to as the'Interpretation')released in 2018.Such cases are hardly controversial in the criminal aspect,but in the civil aspect,there appear problems such as insufficient design and supply at the standard level,inconsistent operation at the judicial practice level,and large difference in judgments.In detail,the'Interpretation'has not specified whether to perform the announcement procedures,although the'Reply'released subsequently affirmed pre-litigation announcement,it lacked provisions on how to standardize the announcement.As the main basis of the civil partial liability,the evidence from the third party is not reasonable enough.The measurement for punitive compensation is absent,thus facing the choice between the private interests and the public interests.To properly deal with the relationship between trial limits,allow the combined trial to meet the pursuit of efficiency in the occasions when the legal subjects bring a lawsuit,the subject and the carrier of announcement should also have relevant provisions.It'also imperative to improve the interpretation on'three natures'of the evidence obtained from the third party and form the style to'combining main judgment with supplementary one'.The application of punitive damages should be comprehensively considered,so as to appropriately break through the system circle for maintaining the public interest as the core。

关 键 词：刑事附带民事 公益诉讼 私益诉讼 公告程序 惩罚性赔偿 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]