新疆奇台石城子遗址的动物资源利用  

Animal Exploitation at the Shichengzi Site,Qitai County,Xinjiang

作　　者：董宁宁 孙晨 田小红 吴勇 袁靖[1] Dong Ningning;Sun Chen;Tian Xiaohong;Wu Yong;Yuan Jing

机构地区：[1]复旦大学科技考古研究院 [2]复旦大学文物与博物馆学系 [3]新疆文物考古研究所

出　　处：《西域研究》2022年第2期127-136,172,共11页The Western Regions Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“汉代新疆边防城址的动物考古学研究”(项目编号:20CKG021);复旦大学一新疆文物考古研究所合作课题“新疆石城子遗址生物考古研究”的资助。

摘　　要：新疆奇台县石城子遗址是一处两汉时期的戍边城址。本研究对遗址2014~2017年出土的两千余块动物骨骼进行了整理和分析。遗址中鉴定出了12种动物种类。种属类别和数量比例都显示了当地以畜牧为主的动物资源利用方式:羊是主要的肉食来源,其他家畜、家禽还包括牛、马、狗和鸡。居民偶尔也利用遗址周边出现的鹿、兔子等野生动物补充肉食来源。骨骼上的病理显示,马、牛和骆驼可能被长期使役,畜力的开发极大地提高了驻边军队的军事战备和物资运输能力。遗址中动物新生个体的缺少,暗示部分动物或动物产品可能由交易获得,这进一步说明,石城子并不是孤立的屯垦点,周围可能存在联系密切的其他聚落。石城子的动物考古研究为了解新疆地区戍边城址的生业经济提供了新的认识。The Shichengzi site,located in Qitai County,Xinjiang,is a ancient military fort dating to the Han dynasty.This study analyzes over 2000 piece of bones recovered from the 2014-2017 excavations.At least,12 taxa were identified.These animal taxa along with their proportions in the assemblage strongly suggest an agro-pastoral economy.Ovicaprids were likely the major meat provider.Other livestock species included cattle,horses and chicken.Wild animals(e.g.hare and deer)were occasionally procured.Pathologies on the bones indicate that horses,cattle and camels were raised for labour with military and transportation purposes.The absence of newborn animal individuals suggest that some animals might have been brought into the fort either on-the-hoof or as animal products.This further implies that Shichengzi was part of an interdependent regional network of settlements and forts rather than an isolated outpost.

关 键 词：新疆 汉代 石城子遗址 动物考古 动物资源利用 生业方式 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]