三家《诗》辑佚体系述论——以陈寿祺、陈乔枞《三家诗遗说考》为中心  

Discussion of the Systematic Collation of Fragments of the Three Shijing Traditions:Focusing on Chen Shouqi and Chen Qiaozong’s Research on the Explanations of the Shijing Handed Down by the Three Traditions

作　　者：马昕[1] Ma Xin

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院文学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《国际儒学（中英文）》2022年第1期116-158,170,共44页International Studies on Confucianism

摘　　要：陈寿祺、陈乔枞父子编纂的《三家诗遗说考》是三家《诗》辑佚史上卷帙规模最大且原创价值最高的著作。陈氏父子治学富有特色,二人都很重视今文师法与辑佚古说,出于对此前三家《诗》辑佚成果的不满,而下定决心编订《三家诗遗说考》一书。此书之所以在辑佚数量上远超前人,是基于辑佚方法的进步,即在前人据书定派法的基础上,以据人定派法大幅度开疆拓土,再适度结合据说定派法,构造出多层次的三家《诗》师法体系。该书出于对体系完整性的执著,形成了“一人一诗”和“一诗一说”这两个辑佚原则,却也使其辑佚体系暴露出基础性的理论漏洞,陈乔枞不得不给出相应的弥合之法。从陈寿祺到陈乔枞,父子之间的辑佚观念也存在一些差异,主要体现在对学者师法的判定与对《诗》说优劣的评判上。Research on the Explanations of the Shijing Handed Down by the Three Traditions(Sanjia Shi yishuo kao三家诗遗说考),edited by Chen Shouqi and Chen Qiaozong,is the most largescale and most original work in the history of collations of fragments of the three Shijing traditions.They both attach great importance to instruction in modern language as well as the ancient explanations of compiled fragments.They were determined to compile their Sanjia Shi yishuo kao out of dissatisfaction with the achievements of these previous collations of fragments of the three Shijing traditions.The grounds for why this book far exceeds its predecessors in the number of collated fragments is its progress in the methodology used for its collation.That is,founded on its predecessors’method of determining the school on the basis of the book,it greatly expanded the map with its method of determining the school on the basis of the person,moderated further by combining it with the method of determining the school on the basis of the explanation.From this,it constructs a multilayered systematic instruction in the three Shijing traditions.Insisting on the completeness of this system,this book formulates“each person their own Shijing”and“each explanation their own Shijing”as the two fundamental principles for the collation of fragments.But this also reveals the fundamental theoretical vulnerability in the systematic collation of fragments,so that Chen Qiaozong is obliged to provide a corresponding methodological remedy.Comparing Chen Shouqi and Chen Qiaozong,there also exist some difference between father and son in the conception of the collation of fragments,which primarily appears in the judgment of scholars’methods of instruction and the strengths and weaknesses of their explanations of the Shijing.

关 键 词：陈寿祺 陈乔枞 《三家诗遗说考》 辑佚学 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]