前茬作物土壤遗留效应对野生大豆(Glycine soja)和栽培大豆(Glycine max)生长的影响  

Soil legacy effects of proceeding crops on the growth of wild soybean(Glycine soja)and cultivated soybean(Glycine max)

作　　者：晏益民 肖路 刘艳杰 YAN Yimin;XIAO Lu;LIU Yanjie(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2022年第2期209-216,共8页Soils and Crops

基　　金：中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所自主部署项目(E155S10501).

摘　　要：前茬作物影响后茬大豆的产量,尤其是大豆重茬会导致土传病害和自毒作用的发生,抑制大豆生长,造成大豆的减产,生产上亟待寻找耐重茬的种质资源培育新品种。传统育种方法已进入瓶颈期,而野生近缘种资源在为作物改良提供有益等位基因方面具有巨大潜力。野生大豆(Glycine soja)作为栽培大豆(Glycine max)的近缘种,对拓宽大豆育种遗传基础、培育耐重茬大豆品种具有重要价值。本研究通过温室控制试验,探究不同前茬作物(玉米和大豆)土壤遗留效应对野生大豆和栽培大豆生长的影响,对比栽培大豆和野生大豆在抗重茬能力方面的差异。结果表明:大豆重茬土壤能够显著抑制后茬野生大豆和栽培大豆的生长,这主要由土壤病原微生物所导致。与灭菌土壤对比,非灭菌土壤能够显著降低了栽培大豆的生物量,而对野生大豆生物量影响不大,说明土壤病原菌微生物在大豆重茬危害中发挥重要作用。土壤病原微生物会增加根质量分数,使植物生物量倾向于地下分配,降低植株光合作用和干物质量积累速率。而与栽培大豆相比,野生大豆能迅速调整生物量分配以及叶片性状响应前茬作物引起的胁迫。本研究为将来从野生大豆获得耐重茬优良性状和培育栽培大豆耐重茬新品种提供了理论依据。The proceeding crop affects soybean yield,soybean continuous cropping in particular leads to soil disease and autotoxin,which inhibits growth and reduce yield;therefore it is urgent to find soybean germplasm resistant to continuous cropping.Traditional breeding methods have reached a bottleneck,while wild-related species resources have great potential to provide beneficial alleles for crop improvement.As a related species of cultivated soybean(Glycine max),wild soybean(Glycine soja)is of great value for broadening the genetic basis of soybean breeding and cultivating soybean varieties resistant to continuous cropping.In this greenhouse control experiment,we analyzed the effects of the soil legacy of different proceeding crops(maize and soybean)on the growth of wild soybean and cultivated soybean.The results showed that the soil of soybean continuous cropping significantly inhibited the growth of subsequent wild soybeans and cultivated soybeans.Compared with sterilized soil,non-sterilized soil significantly reduced the biomass of cultivated soybean while had little effect on the biomass of wild soybean,which indicated that soil pathogenic microorganisms played an important role in the damage of soybean continuous cropping.Soil pathogenic microorganisms increased root mass fraction and tended to distribute biomass to belowground,reduced plant photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation rate.Compared with cultivated soybean,wild soybean rapidly adjusted biomass allocation and leaf traits in response to stress caused by the proceeding crop.Our results provides a theoretical basis for obtaining excellent traits of continuous cropping resistance from wild soybean and cultivating new soybean varieties with continuous cropping resistance in the future.

关 键 词：野生大豆 栽培大豆 土壤遗留效应 重茬胁迫 前茬作物 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]