“生殖座架”:现代人工辅助生殖技术本质的现象学解读  

Reproductive Gestell:A Phenomenological Interpre-tation of the Essence of Assisted Reproductive Technology

作　　者：吴梓源 Wu Ziyuan(School of Political Science and Law,Northeast Normal University,Changchun,130012)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学政法学院

出　　处：《哲学评论》2021年第1期1-18,共18页Wuda Philosophical Review

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金资助项目“现代生命技术的理论反思与法律规制研究”(2020M681023)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：现代人工辅助生殖技术(ART)自诞生之日起就引发了社会各界的广泛争议,争议背后体现的是对技术本质的关注。对于现代人工辅助生殖技术的本质应该为何,不能仅停留在一阶观察的视角,更应该揭开面纱探究其深层机理,上升到二阶观察。立基于海德格尔对技术本质的思考,现代人工辅助生殖技术在本质上展现出的是一种“生殖座架”,它将在传统上被认为是一个整体的生殖系统分解成一组离散的和可移动的生殖部分,这些部分被一系列分解的区别于传统自然生殖的现代人工辅助生殖技术方法所管理,它们随时待命,等待进一步的“订购”或“优化”。在这一过程中,生殖系统尤其是女性生殖细胞和器官在一定程度上被当作一种可用的医疗资源、一种可替代的实体和一种为进一步研究的手段而存在,从根本上重新表述了传统的生育观念以及与母亲身份相关的文化意涵。随着技术的不断更新,这种根源于主体形而上学思维模式而创造的技术使得人类开始超越自然、成为统治者甚至是上帝,并日益推动着一个“无母时代”的到来。Modern Assisted Reproductive Technology(ART)has aroused widespread controversy from all walks of life since its birth.Behind the controversy is the concern about the nature of technology.For the essence of Modern Assisted Reproductive Technology,we should not only stay in the first-order observation perspective,but also uncover the veil,explore its deep mechanism,and rise to the second-order observation.Based on Heidegger’s thinking on the essence of technology,modern artificial assisted reproductive technology shows a kind of“Reproductive Gestell”in essence,which decomposes the reproductive system traditionally considered as a whole into a group of discrete and movable reproductive parts,which are managed by a series of technology methods which are different from traditional natural reproduction,They are on standby for further“ordering”or“optimization”.In this process,the reproductive system,especially the female reproductive cells and organs,to a certain extent,is regarded as a kind of available medical resources,an alternative entity and a means for further research,which fundamentally re-expresses the traditional concept of fertility and the cultural meaning related to the mother’s identity.With the continuous updating of technology,this technology,which originated from the thinking mode of subject metaphysics,makes human beings begin to transcend nature,become rulers and even God,and increasingly promotes the arrival of a“motherless era”.

关 键 词：人工辅助生殖技术 生殖座架 工具化理论 主体形而上学 

分 类 号：R714.8[医药卫生—妇产科学]