隧道环境对地铁车内声舒适度的影响研究  

Influence of tunnel environment on internal acoustic comfort of the subway car

作　　者：解建坤 陈小伟 韦海菊 XIE Jiankun;CHEN Xiaowei;WEI Haiju(Technology Center,CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210031,China)

机构地区：[1]中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司技术中心,江苏南京210031

出　　处：《机车电传动》2022年第2期9-14,共6页Electric Drive for Locomotives

基　　金：国家重大技术装备攻关工程项目(系列化中国标准地铁列车研制及试验)。

摘　　要：运营环境对地铁车内的噪声值起着主要作用,地铁在隧道环境下运行会导致车内噪声提高,声舒适度迅速下降,不仅使乘客无法听清广播内容错过下车地点,而且严重影响乘客的身心健康。目前隧道环境对车内声舒适度的影响仍缺少相关调研和理论研究。基于此,对国内某条地铁线路进行车内外噪声测量,在实测基础上仅考虑轮轨声源对车内的空气传声,并基于声线跟踪法在Odeon软件中建立隧道-车体声学响应模型,进一步研究隧道铺设吸声材料对车内声舒适度的影响,从而得出如下结论:相较明线,隧道区段车内噪声总值增加7 dB(A)左右,乘客正常交流距离仅为0.1~0.2 m,声舒适度极差;相比隧道壁,在轨道板铺设吸声材料车内降噪效果较好。隧道内铺满吸声材料可降低车内噪声值约6 d B(A),乘客正常交流距离增至0.72 m,声舒适度得到极大改善,仿真结果可为实际工程应用提供一定的参考。Operating environment plays an important role to the noise inside the subway car.Tunnel environment leads to the increase of noise of the subway car and the rapid decrease of sound comfort,which seriously affects the passengers’physical and mental health and missing drop-off place.At present,the influence of tunnel environment on noise and acoustic comfort inside the subway car is lack of relevant investigation and theoretical research.Based on this,the noise inside and outside a subway on a certain line was measured.Only the sound transmission of wheel-rail source to the subway car through air was considered.Based on the sound ray tracking method,by establishing the acoustic response model of tunnel-subway in Odeon software,the effect of tunnel with sound absorption material on noise and acoustic comfort in subway was studied furtherly.The following conclusion is drawn:in the tunnel section,the total noise inside the subway car increases by 7 dB(A),normal communication distance is reduced to 0.1-0.2 m,and sound comfort is extremely poor.The effect of laying sound absorption material on track plate is better than that of tunnel wall.When the whole tunnel is covered with sound absorbing material,the noise inside the subway car can be reduced by about 6 dB(A),normal communication distance can be increased to 0.72 m,the sound environment in the subway car has been greatly improved.The simulation results can provide certain reference for practical engineering application.

关 键 词：隧道环境 地铁 噪声 声舒适度 ODEON 

分 类 号：U231[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]