理工科人才对企业全要素生产率的影响研究——来自高校扩招的证据  

Research on the Influence of Science and Engineering Talents on Total Factor Productivity of Enterprises--Evidence from College Enrollment Expansion

作　　者：周端明[1] 侯效茹 ZHOU Duan-ming;HOU Xiao-ru(School of Economics and Management,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学经济管理学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期189-196,共8页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：安徽省哲学社会科学规划重点项目(AHSKZ2020D11);安徽省第二批新工科研究与实践项目(E-LNYJ20200111).

摘　　要：科技创新能力是提升全要素生产率,增强国际竞争力的重要因素,而其关键决定因素在人才,特别是理工科人才。基于理工科高校理工科专业的招生比例远高于其他类型高校和大学生选择所就读城市就业的倾向比较高两个事实,以安徽省拥有理工科高校的城市作为处理组,利用1999—2007年中国工业企业数据库中安徽省数据,采用双重差分模型实证检验理工科人才对当地企业全要素生产率作用渠道及影响效果。结果表明:高校扩招后,理工科人才显著提高了有理工科高校城市的企业全要素生产率,并且该作用对大规模企业更为明显;基于企业产权性质的分析发现,相比于国有企业,这种正相关关系在非国有企业中更显著。Scientific and technological innovation ability is an important factor to improve total factor productivity and enhance international competitiveness,and its key determinant lies in talents,especially those in science and engineering.Based on the fact that the enrollment ratio of science and engineering majors in science and engineering universities is much higher than that of other types of universities and the tendency of college students to choose the cities where they study for employment is relatively high,taking the cities with science and engineering universities in Anhui Province as the processing group,using the data of Anhui Province in China industrial Enterprise Database from 1999 to 2007,the effect channel and effect of science and engineering talents on total factor productivity of local enterprises are tested by using the difference-in-differences model.The results show that,after college enrollment expansion,science and engineering talents significantly improve the total factor productivity of enterprises in cities with science and engineering colleges,and this effect is more obvious for large-scale enterprises.Based on the analysis of property rights of enterprises,it is found that the positive correlation is more significant in non-state-owned enterprises compared with state-owned enterprises.

关 键 词：理工科人才 科技人力资本 企业全要素生产率 高校扩招 双重差分模型 

分 类 号：F276[经济管理—企业管理]