数字时代高等教育如何应对信息安全与伦理挑战——美国《2021地平线报告(信息安全版)》的解读与思考  

How Higher Education Responds to the Information Security and Ethical Challenge in the Digital Age: The Interpretation and Implication of Horizon 2021(Information Security Edition)

作　　者：王佑镁[1] 刘泓茜 沈雅淇 李宁宇 柳晨晨 Youmei WANG;Hongqian LIU;Yaqi SHEN;Ningyu LI;Chenchen LIU(Research Center for Big Data and Smart Education,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035)

机构地区：[1]温州大学大数据与智慧教育研究中心,浙江温州325035

出　　处：《中国教育信息化》2022年第4期14-23,共10页Chinese Journal of ICT in Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十四五”规划2021年度教育学一般课题“教育领域人工智能应用的伦理风险与防范对策研究”(编号:BCA210086)。

摘　　要：疫情常态化与教育全球化加速了传统高等教育模式向远程工作和视频会议学习模式的转变,高等教育信息安全和伦理隐私保护面临着巨大压力。2021年美国高等教育信息化协会首次发布信息安全版本的《地平线报告》,为高等教育机构应对信息安全与伦理问题提供趋势与对策。从技术与实践层面来看,六项关键技术对高等教育信息安全产生重大影响,即云供应商管理、端点检测和响应、多因素身份验证及单点登录、保留数据真实性及完整性、研究安全、学生数据隐私和治理;未来影响高等教育信息安全的重要趋势表现在社会、技术、经济、环境、政治五个方面,尤其要关注超级趋势——远程工作;由此高等教育机构信息安全发展面临四种可能的未来场景,分别是增长型、约束型、崩溃型和转换型;需要从各国共建网络信息安全、加强信息安全及伦理法制建设、完善监管及安全制度体系、提升师生数字智商、促进高等教育可持续发展五个层面加强对策研究,为我国高等教育应对信息安全挑战提供借鉴。The normalization of the epidemic and the globalization of education have accelerated the transformation of traditional higher education model to remote work and video conference learning model,the protection of information security and ethical privacy in higher education is facing great pressure.In 2021,EDUCAUSE initially released the Horizon Report(Information Security Edition),providing trends and countermeasures for higher education institutions to deal with information security and ethical issues.From the perspective of technology and practice,six key technologies have significant impacts on higher education information security,namely cloud vendor management,endpoint detection and response,multi-factor authentication and single sign-on,retention of data authenticity and integrity,research security,and student data privacy and governance.The important trends affecting the information security of higher education are manifested in five aspects in the future,which are society,technology,economy,environment,and politics.Therefore,the development of information security in higher education institutions is faced with four possible future scenarios,which are growth,constraint,collapse,and transformation.It is necessary to strengthen countermeasures from the five aspects of jointly building network information security,strengthening the construction of information security and ethical legal system,improving supervision and security system,improving the digital intelligence quotient of teachers and students,and promoting the sustainable development of higher education,which can provide reference for China’s higher education to cope with the challenge of information security.

关 键 词：信息安全 高等教育 人工智能伦理 数字智商 无边界网络 

分 类 号：G649.1[文化科学—高等教育学] TN915.08[文化科学—教育学]