2015—2019年湖南省洞庭湖区农村集中式供水单位消毒情况分析  

Analysis of disinfection status of 175 rural central water plants in Dongting Lake area of Hunan province, 2015—2019

作　　者：张杏娥 周纯良[1] 吕玲双 李原浩[1] ZHANG Xing-e;ZHOU Chun-liang;LV Ling-shuang;LI Yuan-hao(Department of Environment and Health,Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changsha,Hunan 410005,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省疾病预防控制中心环境与健康科,湖南长沙410005

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2022年第9期1694-1697,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解湖南省洞庭湖区农村集中式供水单位消毒状况。方法收集2015—2019年湖南省洞庭湖区连续监测的175家农村集中式供水单位水质监测数据,参照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749—2006)对消毒剂余量和微生物指标进行评价分析。结果2015—2019年,175家水厂中采用消毒处理措施的比例为74.86%~92.00%,呈逐年增加x^(2)_(趋势)(x^(2)_(趋势)=21.554,P<0.001),其中消毒设施按要求使用的占60.31%~85.71%,呈逐年增加x^(2)_(趋势)(x^(2)_(趋势)=31.194,P<0.001),采用次氯酸钠(x^(2)_(趋势)=14.941,P<0.001)和复合二氧化氯(x^(2)_(趋势)=31.735,P<0.001)消毒的水厂数逐年增加,采用漂白粉消毒的水厂数呈下降x^(2)_(趋势)(x^(2)_(趋势)=29.721,P<0.001)。总的微生物指标合格率为82.58%,消毒剂余量指标合格率为79.96%,均呈逐年升高的x^(2)_(趋势)(微生物指标:x^(2)_(趋势)=12.193,P<0.001;消毒剂指标:x^(2)_(趋势)=56.866,P<0.001)。不同的消毒设备的使用情况、消毒剂类型和水样类型饮用水的消毒剂余量指标和微生物指标合格率均存在差异。结论该地区农村水厂消毒工艺和效果逐步改善,建议进一步提高水厂消毒率,规范消毒设施的使用。Objective To investigate the disinfection status of rural central water plants in the Dongting Lake area of Hunan province.Methods The monitoring data of drinking water quality of 175 rural water plants from 2015 to 2019 were collected.The disinfectant residue and microbial indicators were analyzed and evaluated regarding the Standards for drinking water quality(GB5749—2006).Results Among the 175 rural central water plants,74.86%-92.00%were disinfected,with an increasing trend(x^(2)_(trend)=21.554,P<0.001)from 2015 to 2019.60.31%-85.71%of the disinfection equipment was utilized by requirements,with an increasing trend significantly(x^(2)_(trend)=31.194,P<0.001).The number of water plants using sodium hypochlorite(x^(2)_(trend)=14.941,P<0.001)and compound chlorine dioxide(χ^(2)_(trend)=31.735,P<0.001)for disinfection increased year by year,while bleaching powder showed a decreasing trend(x^(2)_(trend)=29.721,P<0.001).The overall qualified rate of microbiological indicators was 82.58%,and the disinfectant residue was 79.96%.Both of them showed an increasing trend year by year(microbiological indicators:x^(2)_(trend)=12.193,P<0.001;disinfectant residue:x^(2)_(trend)=56.866,P<0.001).There were significant differences between use frequencies of disinfection equipment,disinfection methods,and types of water sample in the qualified rate of microbial indicators,so as in the disinfectant residue.Conclusion The disinfection process and effect of rural water plants in this area have been improved gradually.It is suggested that more disinfection equipment should be equipped and the disinfection procedures be standardized.

关 键 词：洞庭湖区 农村水厂 微生物指标 消毒剂指标 

分 类 号：R123.5[医药卫生—环境卫生学]