半干旱区生物菌肥替代氮肥对裸燕麦生长和产量的影响  

Effects of Biofertilizer Substituting Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Naked Oat in Semi-arid Area

作　　者：杨国威 杨亚东[2] 臧华栋[2] 赵宝平[3] 胡跃高[2] 高卿 王凤梧 曾昭海[2] YANG Guowei;YANG Yadong;ZANG Huadong;ZHAO Baoping;HU Yuegao;GAO Qing;WANG Fengwu;ZENG Zhaohai(Ulanqab Acadamy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Tsining District 010020,China;College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Agronomy pinner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古乌兰察布市农牧业科学研究院,集宁010020 [2]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193 [3]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第1期5-10,共6页Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家燕麦荞麦产业技术体系经费资助(CARS-07-G-4,CARS-07-B-5)。

摘　　要：生物菌肥作为一种新兴肥料,具有促进农作物养分吸收和生长发育,提高产量的作用。为探究氮肥配施生物菌肥对燕麦生长发育和产量的影响,以裸燕麦(坝莜八号)为试验材料,于2015年-2017年期间在内蒙古乌兰察布市进行了3年田间试验。试验设置5个施肥梯度,施氮量分别为90 kgN·hm^(-2)、67.5 kgN·hm^(-2)、45、22.5kgN·hm^(-2)和0 kgN·hm^(-2),其中除90 kgN·hm^(-2)施肥处理外,其余处理均采用生物菌肥拌种(22.5 kg·hm^(-2))和三叶期喷施(15 kg·hm^(-2))。结果表明:生物菌肥替代氮肥可以维持燕麦产量,且对燕麦生育期进程影响较小。施用生物菌肥并减氮处理的籽粒产量及产量构成因子与常规施肥处理间均差异不显著,但试验年份显著影响燕麦籽粒产量及产量构成因子。生物菌肥拌种结合三叶期喷施替代氮肥45 kgN·hm^(-2)时,燕麦籽粒产量、单位面积有效穗数和千粒重均表现最佳,比常规施肥处理分别高7.9%、10.3%和12.2%。生物菌肥替代氮肥能维持燕麦产量,同时减少化肥投入,提高经济效益,为区域燕麦绿色生产提供理论和技术支撑。The biofertilizer,as a new fertilizer,has the advantages of promoting the crop nutrient absorption,growth,and development,and increasing the yield.In this study,the effects of the biofertilizer combined with the synthetic nitrogen(N)fertilizer on the growth and yield of naked oats were evaluated.A three-year field experiment was performed by using the naked oat(Bayou No.8)during 2015-2017 in Ulanqab city,Inner Mongolia.Five fertilization treatments were set up in the experiment,with the nitrogen application rates of 90 kgN·hm^(-2),67.5 kgN·hm^(-2),45,22.5 kgN·hm^(-2),and 0 kgN·hm^(-2)(A1-A5),respectively.Except for the 90kgN·hm^(-2)fertilization treatment,the other treatments were all treated with the biofertilizer as the seed dressing at a rate of 22.5 kg·hm^(-2),and spraying at the three-leaf stage with the rate of 15 kg·hm^(-2).The results showed that the replacement of the synthetic N fertilizer with the biofertilizer could maintain the grain yield and rarely affected the growth process of the oats.There were no significant differences between the grain yield and yield component factors of the biofertilizer and nitrogen reduction treatment,and those of the conventional N fertilization treatment.However,the experimental year significantly affected the oat yield and yield component factors.When the application rate of the seed dressing with the biofertilizer combined with the spraying at three-leaf stage was 45 kgN·hm^(-2),instead of the nitrogen fertilizer,the grain yield,effective spike number per unit area,and thousand-grain weight,all performed the best,which were 7.9%,10.3%,and 12.2%higher than those of the conventional synthetic N fertilization treatment,respectively.The application of the biofertilizer combined with reduced synthetic N fertilization could maintain the oat yield,reduce the input of the synthetic fertilizer simultaneously,and improve the economic efficiency.The study provided theoretical and technical supports for the green and safe production of oats in this region.

关 键 词：燕麦 生物菌肥 化学氮肥 产量 产量构成 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学]