2020年贵阳市市售大米及其制品中铅、铬、镉、铝和砷污染情况卫生学调查  

Hygienic Investigation on the Pollution of Lead,Chromium,Cadmium,Aluminum and Arsenic in Rice and Its Products Sold in Guiyang in 2020

作　　者：贺士军 汪蛟龙 李海龙 王玉[1] HE Shijun;WANG Jiaolong;LI Hailong;WANG Yu(Guiyang Center for Disease Contral and Prevention,Guiyang 550000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵阳市疾病预防控制中心,贵州贵阳550000

出　　处：《食品安全导刊》2022年第14期68-71,75,共5页China Food Safety Magazine

摘　　要：目的:通过对2020年贵阳市市售大米及其制品(大米粉)中的铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)和铝(Al)等有害元素的含量进行测定,了解2020年贵阳市售大米及其制品中铅、铬、砷、镉和铝的污染状况,并通过测定结果来评价其污染程度。方法:利用微波消解法处理大米及大米粉样品,然后利用电感耦合等离子质谱法(Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer,ICP-MS)测定本次研究所采集的大米及大米粉样品中铅、铬、镉、砷和铝的含量。结果:本次研究所测大米及大米粉样品中铅的检出率为49%、镉的检出率为82%、砷的检出率为62%、铬的检出率为73%以及铝的检出率为100%,含量均未超过国家限量指标。其中,所有样品中的铝、铬和铅等金属的单因素污染指数小于1.0,白云区的1个米粉样品中金属砷的单因素污染指数为1.020,修文县的1个米粉样品中金属镉的单因子素污染指数为1.005,污染程度为轻度污染,修文县的金属铬与乌当区的砷综合污染指数大于0.7,污染程度高于警戒线。结论:贵阳市少量市售大米及米制品镉、砷有轻度污染情况,应引起重视,建议进一步开展专项调查研究并分析其来源,建议相关部门加强食品安全监管以降低大米及米制品有害元素污染风险。Objective:Through the determination of the contents of harmful elements such as lead(Pb),chromium(Cr),arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd)and aluminum(Al)in rice and its products sold in Guiyang in 2020,the pollution status of the above lead,chromium,arsenic,cadmium and aluminum in rice and its products sold in Guiyang in 2020 is understood,and the pollution degree is evaluated through the determination results.Method:Microwave digestion was used to treat rice and rice flour samples,and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer was used to determine the contents of lead,chromium,cadmium,aluminum and arsenic in rice and rice flour samples collected in this study.Result:The detection rate of lead,cadmium,arsenic,chromium and aluminum in rice and rice powder samples was 49%,82%,62%,73%and 100%.Index has not been content exceeds national set limit to,among them,all the samples of metals such as aluminum,chromium and lead single factor pollution index is less than 1.0.The single factor pollution index of metal arsenic in one rice flour sample in Baiyun district is 1.020,the single factor pollution index of metal cadmium in one rice flour sample in Xiuwen county is 1.005,and the pollution degree is mild pollution.The comprehensive pollution index of metal chromium in Xiuwen county and metal arsenic in Wudang district is greater than 0.7, and the pollution degree is higher than the warning line. Conclusion: Cadmium and arsenic were slightly polluted in a small amount of rice and rice products in Guiyang, which should be paid more attention to. It is suggested to carry out special investigation and study to analyze their sources, strengthen food safety supervision to reduce the risk of contamination of harmful elements in rice and rice products.

关 键 词：大米及其制品 有害金属 砷 卫生学调查 

分 类 号：TS210.7[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]