彷徨于新旧之间:北宋宣徽使新论  

Between the New and the Old: A New Theory of Xuanhuishi in the Northern Song Dynasty

作　　者：廖寅[1] 荆鹏超 Liao Yin;Jing Pengchao

机构地区：[1]河北大学宋史研究中心,河北保定071000 [2]浙江大学历史学系,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《江西社会科学》2022年第3期118-128,207,208,共13页Jiangxi Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“地域视野下宋代社会权威生成机制与社会治理研究”(21BZS052)。

摘　　要：北宋宣徽使定位非常模糊,自宋迄今,众说纷纭,难衷一是。从国家高层人事运转来看,北宋宣徽使的基本定位当为现任执政大臣,而且是当时制度上唯一可以“出将入相”的现任执政大臣。北宋宣徽使看起来既像本官,又像职名,还像差遣,这种怪诞表象源自唐宋制度转型过程中衍生出的多种内在矛盾。它在某种程度上是一个怪胎,既没有像多数内诸司使那样阶官化,也没有像枢密使副、三司使那样差遣化,同时还带有较为浓厚的“旧时代”皇帝私家属性,可说是始终彷徨于新旧之间。不过,宣徽使“出将入相”的特性一定程度上符合国家治理需要,它的废罢对国家高层人事运转还是带来了许多问题。新设武臣太尉、文臣宣和殿大学士,二府大臣出镇,执政恩例兴起,这些在某种程度上都是对宣徽使废罢的反弹。因为曾与二府正长官同级,且一直存在“待勋旧”的传统,宋人更愿意以宣徽使相称。The characteristic of the Xuanhuishi(Chief of Xuanhuiyuan) in Northern Song Dynasty was very vague. From the perspective of high-level personnel operations, the basic position of Xuanhuishi was the current ruling minister, and it was the only current ruling minister that could serve both in the central government as a minister and local levels as a general at that time. It looked like a stipendiary office, a title or a duty assignment. This kind of weird appearance originated from a variety of internal contradictions derived from the transformation process of the Tang and Song dynasties. Because it neither became a stipendiary office like most of the various palace commissioners, nor became a duty assignment like the Commissioner and the Chief of Privy Council and the Chief of the Finance Commission. At the same time, it had a relatively strong “old era” emperor’s private attribute. However, its characteristic of being a general outside the central government or a minister in the central government appeared to be in line with the needs of national governance, and its abolition had brought many problems to the operation of the state ’s top officials. From this perspective, it was a reaction for the abolition of the Xuanhuishi to set up new positions including Taiwei,Xuanhediandaxueshi and appoint the secretary of State as the local head,formulate some policies comparable to the secretary of State. Because it was once regarded as “National leader” and there was always a tradition of “respecting the old officials”, the Xuanhuishi was more glorious than the Secretary of State.

关 键 词：北宋 宣徽使 执政大臣 制度转型 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]