基于相变储热原理的高速列车制动盘散热研究  

Research on New Structure of High-speed Train Brake Disc Based on Phase Change Heat Storage Principle

作　　者：周素霞 童欣[1,2] 孙宇铎 邵京 ZHOU Suxia;TONG Xin;SUN Yuduo;SHAO Jing(School of Mechanical-electronic and Vehicle Engineering,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing 100044;Beijing Key Laboratory of Performance Guarantee on Urben Rail Transit Vehicles,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学机电与车辆工程学院,北京100044 [2]北京建筑大学城市轨道交通车辆服役性能保障北京市重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2022年第6期202-210,共9页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51875032);西城区拔尖创新团队资助项目。

摘　　要：随着我国高速列车速度的不断提高,尤其是长大坡道的存在,使得制动盘的应用环境更加恶劣。由于制动摩擦产生的热量使得制动盘温度快速升高,如果散热不及时,会形成高的热应力,从而导致热疲劳裂纹的产生。因此,高效的制动盘散热问题显得尤其重要。目前,制动盘的散热设计主要采用改变散热筋结构形式,这样的散热效果有一定的局限性。为了进一步降低制动盘的制动温度和热应力,根据相变储热原理,设计制动盘散热结构,通过连续两次紧急制动使得制动盘温度上升。应用有限元分析软件对不同的相变储热材料进行散热分析,得到三种制动盘的温度场和应力场。结果表明,具有相变储热材料的制动盘能够明显降低制动过程中制动盘的最高温度,同时降低了制动盘的温度梯度,从而使得制动盘受到的热应力有所降低,在一定程度上预防了热疲劳裂纹的产生。With the continuous improvement of the speed of high-speed trains in China,especially the existence of long ramps,the application environment of brake disc becomes worse.Due to the heat generated by the braking friction,the temperature of the brake disc rises rapidly.If the heat dissipation is not timely,high thermal stress will be formed,which leads to the generation of thermal fatigue cracks.Therefore,the efficient brake disc heat dissipation problem is particularly important.At present,the heat dissipation design of the brake disc is mainly adopted to change the structure form of the heat sink,which has certain limitations in the heat dissipation effect.To further reduce the braking temperature and thermal stress of the brake disc,according to the principle of phase change heat storage,the cooling structure of the brake disc is designed,and the temperature of the brake disc is increased by two consecutive emergency braking.Finite element analysis software is used to analyze the heat dissipation of different phase change heat storage materials,and the temperature and stress fields of three brake discs are obtained.The results show that the brake disc with phase change heat storage material can significantly reduce the maximum temperature of the brake disc during braking.These materials can reduce the temperature gradient of the brake disc so that the thermal stress on the brake disc is reduced.To a certain extent,the occurrence of thermal fatigue cracks is prevented.

关 键 词：列车制动盘 相变储热 对流换热 瞬态温度场 热应力 

分 类 号：U270.35[机械工程—车辆工程]