清代皇权对儒家道统原义的辩难和消解——雍正朝文字狱新探  

The Emperor’s Disputation on the Meaning of Confucian Orthodoxy in the Qing Dynasty:A New Study of Literary Inquisition in the Yongzheng Reign

作　　者：孟尧 MENG Yao(The Institute of Qing History,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学清史研究所,北京100872

出　　处：《清史研究》2022年第3期107-119,共13页The Qing History Journal

摘　　要：文字狱是观察清帝应对道统挑战、建立“治道合一”的重要窗口。学者们已注意到清帝打击和收编道统的策略,但对其具体机制的论述尚不充分。本文重新考察雍正朝文字狱,发现雍正在承认理学治道观的前提下,诉诸内在心性,辩难士人援引儒家“文字”的道统解释,以“心”的践履为呈露“道”的前提,消解了道统的知识标准,将自身统治安置在儒家学理的内部。这种策略蕴含着以儒家学理为真实知识的深层观念,超越了皇权对道统的摧折或改造,是一种真正的“内部路径”,提示了重审清初政治、思想和政治文化的新视角。Literary inquisition is an important window to explore the emperor’s response to challenges from Confucian orthodoxy as well as establishing the image of acombining governing and moralityo in the Qing dynasty.Scholars have paid attention to Qing emperor’s tactics of attacking and incorporating Confucian orthodoxy,but examining the specific mechanism is not enough.This paper has restudied the literary inquisition in the Yongzheng reign to explain how the emperor,on the premise of admitting the Neo-Confucianism view of governing and morality,used the internal mind(xin)to replace Confucian scholar’s application of the knowledge of morality.The emperor made his domination intrinsic to Neo-Confucianism,much more than using it to prove its own legality or to persecute dissidents.This meant that Emperor Yongzheng regarded amindo and amoralityo as some kind of aobjective knowledgeo,pointing at a way to rethink politics,ideology,and political culture in Qing dynasty.

关 键 词：雍正 杨名时 文字狱 《大义觉迷录》 《驳吕留良四书讲义》 

分 类 号：K249.2[历史地理—历史学]