跳深时下肢伸肌群肌力变化特征研究  

Characteristics of Extensor Group of Lower Limbs in Drop Jumping

作　　者：李兆林[1] 周家颖[1] LI Zhaolin;ZHOU Jiaying(College of Physical Education,Xi'an Physical Education University,Xi'an 710068,China)

机构地区：[1]西安体育学院体育教育学院,西安710068

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2022年第2期224-231,共8页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：国家体育总局备战东京奥运会科研攻关与科技服务保障项目(2018005)。

摘　　要：同步测试男性跳跃项目一级运动员在机体正常状态和相对疲劳状态下,完成不同下落高度跳深时下肢伸肌群的动力学参数与身体各环节的运动学参数。分析发现:受试者下肢伸肌群“退让”工作能力决定跳深时下肢伸肌群“离心收缩-向心收缩”工作效能的优劣,“适宜”冲击负荷(下落高度)最有利于下肢伸肌群“拉长-缩短”肌肉活动效能的发挥;下肢伸肌群“离心收缩-向心收缩”之间的耦联时间影响下肢伸肌群“拉长-缩短”周期肌肉活动效能;冲击负荷影响受试者对身体姿态的控制能力,进而影响下肢伸肌群用力模式与再跳起高度。完成超等长练习时,机体所承受的负荷强度是影响伸肌群被牵拉幅度与速度、“离心-向心”收缩力转换效率与肌肉群整体效能的首要因素。First-class male jumpers’drop jumping performed at different whereabouts heights in both normal and relative fatigue states were tested and analyzed.Results show:the instant climb-down capacity of the tested jumper’s lower limb muscle group determines the effectiveness of the eccentric and concentric contractions of the lower limb muscle group in drop jumping;An“appropriate”impact load works best for the performance of the stretch-shortening muscle activity of the lower limb muscle group;The coupling time for the eccentric contraction-concentric contraction of the cluster of muscles in the lower legs affects its activity efficiency within a lengthen-shorten cycle;The impact load affects the jumper’s control over body posture,which in turn affects the power mode of the lower limb muscle group and the height of rejump.When completing super-isometric exercises,the load intensity endured by the body is the primary factor that affects muscle groups being pulled in terms of the range,speed,the switch efficiency of centrifugal-centripetal contractile force,and the whole efficacy of the muscles.

关 键 词：跳深 下肢伸肌群 肌力变化特征 

分 类 号：G804.63[文化科学—运动人体科学]