民航飞行员进近着陆风险感知影响因素及能力测度  

Influencing Factors and Capability Measurement of Civil Aviation Pilots'Approach and Landing Risk Perception

作　　者：陈农田[1] 宁威峰 齐少桓 CHEN Nong-tian;NI Wei-feng;QI Shao-huan(Civil Aviation Flight University of China Guanghan 618307,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民用航空飞行学院航空工程学院,四川广汉618307

出　　处：《人类工效学》2022年第1期43-47,共5页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金民航联合基金重点项目(U2033202);四川省科技厅重点研发计划项目(22ZDYF2942);中国民航局安全能力基金项目(2022J026);中国民航飞行学院面上项目(J2018-20);民航飞行技术与飞行安全科研基地开放基金项目(F2019KF08)。

摘　　要：目的有效识别飞行员进近着陆风险感知能力影响因素与偏差并实施风险感知能力客观测度。方法首先基于研究文献和专家建议,编制民航飞行员进近着陆风险感知影响指标初始问卷,针对问卷进行探索性因素和符合性因素分析,利用主成分分析和正交旋转验证问卷结构效度并实施问卷修正。然后对修正问卷通过相关系数矩阵和一致性检验检测其信效度,利用四因子原始结构卡方实验进行验证性因素分析,最后形成民航飞行员进近着陆风险感知能力测度正式问卷,并实施飞行员进近着陆风险感知能力测度应用验证。结果民航飞行员进近着陆风险感知影响因素包含个人身体状态、个人经验水平、人机交互关系和情景意识等4个维度指标22个问卷题项,验证性模型拟合较好,问卷各项信效度指标达到基本要求,应用实例验证了问卷有效适用性。结论调查问卷可应用于民航飞行员进近着陆风险感知能力测度和风险行为防控,为有效实施民航飞行员进近着陆风险管控提供了重要参考。Objective In order to identify the factors and deviations of the pilot's approach and landing risk perception ability and implement an objective measurement of the risk perception ability.Methods Firstly,based on the literature and expert suggestions,an initial questionnaire on the impact indicators of civil aviation pilots'approach and landing risk perception was compiled.The questionnaire was then analyzed for exploratory and conformity factors,and the structural validity of the questionnaire was verified by principal component analysis and orthogonal rotation before the questionnaire was revised.Secondly,the reliability and validity of the revised questionnaire were tested through the correlation coefficient matrix and consistency test,and the four-factor original structure chi-square experiment was used to analyze the confirmatory factors.Finally,a formal questionnaire for measuring the approach and landing risk perception ability of civil aviation pilots was copleted,and the application verification of risk perception ability measurement was implemented.Results The results showed that the influencing factors of civil aviation pilots'approach and landing risk perception include personal physical state,personal experience level,human-computer interaction and situational awareness and 22 questionnaire items.The confirmatory model fit well,and the reliability and validity indicators of the questionnaire met the basic requirements.The examples verified the validity and applicability of the questionnaire.Conclusion The questionnaire can be applied to civil aviation pilots'approach and landing risk perception ability measurement and risk behavior prevention and control,providing an important reference for the effective implementation of civil aviation pilots'approach and landing risk management and control.

关 键 词：航空安全 驾驶行为 情景意识 民航飞行员 进近着陆 风险感知 问卷编制 能力测度 事故预防 

分 类 号：U8[交通运输工程]