市民化与农业转移人口的共同富裕——对“农转非”居民工资同化过程的分析  

Citizenization and Common Prosperity of Rural-urban Immigrant:Analysis on the Process of Wage Assimilation of Urban-hukou Obtainer

作　　者：许岩 XU Yan(Research Center for Economy of Upper Reaches of the Yangtse River,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China;School of Economics,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学长江上游经济研究中心,重庆400067 [2]重庆工商大学经济学院,重庆400067

出　　处：《人口与经济》2022年第3期130-148,共19页Population & Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“新型城镇化背景下‘农转非’人口的劳动力市场融入研究”(20CRK006)。

摘　　要：中国农业转移人口与城市居民间巨大的工资差距是关乎共同富裕能否实现的重要问题。在农业转移人口大规模市民化的背景下,获得城市户口的“农转非”居民能够实现与城市居民在工资收入上的经济同化吗?以劳动力市场制度性分割的形成与弥合为线索,搭建了一个分析和讨论“农转非”居民能否实现工资同化的理论框架,并利用2013年中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)的城市居民数据,通过Oaxaca-Blinder工资分解、倾向得分匹配(PSM)等多种实证工具考察了“农转非”居民工资同化在时间维度上的动态过程,以及这种动态过程在不同所有制部门、不同“农转非”亚群体中的异质性特征。研究发现:传统城乡二元结构下的劳动力市场分割是农业转移人口不能完成工资同化的制度诱因;在市民化之后,随着劳动力市场分割问题的逐步消除,“农转非”居民能够逐步实现与城市原住居民的工资同化,但大约需要20年以上的时间;在异质性分析当中,公有制部门“农转非”居民以及由于土地被征用而实现“农转非”的居民完成工资同化所需的时间更长。上述研究结果表明,农业转移人口市民化在保障工资收入公平方面具有巨大的社会福利效应,市民化应该成为实现共同富裕目标的一个重要战略支点。The wage gap between rural-urban immigrant and urban resident is an important issue related to common prosperity.Under the background of large-scale citizenization of rural-urban immigrant,can urban-hukou obtainer achieve wage assimilation to urban resident?Base on the formation and bridging of the institutional segmentation of labor market,this paper sets up a theoretical framework to analyze and discuss whether urban-hukou obtainer can achieve wage assimilation though the data-set of China Household Income Projection survey(CHIP)in 2013.Meanwhile,Oaxaca-Blinder wage decomposition,propensity score matching(PSM)and other empirical tools can be used to investigate the dynamic process of wage assimilation of urban-hukou obtainer in the temporal dimension and the heterogeneity of this dynamic process in different ownership sectors and different urban-hukou obtainer subgroups.The results finds:1)Labor market division under traditional rural-urban dual structure is the institutional reason for the immigrant population to fail to complete wage assimilation.2)After citizenization,with the gradual elimination of labor-market segmentation,the urban-hukou obtainer can gradually realize the wage assimilation with the original urban residents,but it takes more than 20 years.3)In the heterogeneity analysis,it takes longer time for the residents in the public sector to complete wage assimilation than those in the public sector whose land has been expropriated.The above results show that the citizenization of migrant(agricultural transfer population)has a great social welfare effect in ensuring income equity,and citizenization should become an important strategic fulcrum to achieve the goal of common prosperity.

关 键 词：市民化 农转非 工资同化 工资歧视 共同富裕 

分 类 号：F014.2[经济管理—政治经济学] F244.1