影响花生果安全储藏的环境因素研究进展  

Advances in the environmental factors influencing safe storage of peanut pods

作　　者：王殿轩[1] 刘磊 黄依林 陈亮 渠琛玲[1] 张浩[1] 白春启[1] 唐培安 WANG Dianxuan;LIU Lei;HUANG Yilin;CHEN Liang;QU Chenling;ZHANG Hao;BAI Chunqi;TANG Pei’an(School of Food Science and Technology, National Grain Industry(Storage Insect Pest Control) Technology Innovation Center, Grain Storage and Logistics National Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学粮油食品学院,国家粮食产业(仓储害虫防控)技术创新中心,粮食储运国家工程研究中心,郑州450001 [2]江苏省现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心,南京210023

出　　处：《植物保护》2022年第3期31-38,共8页Plant Protection

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13)。

摘　　要：花生生长中土壤虫害、收获后的荚果带菌量、荚果发育不良或成熟过度、收获中机械损伤、收获后干燥不及时、荚果水分过高、储藏中吸湿受潮、储藏害虫为害等影响花生果的安全储藏。含水量为47%的湿花生果在10~25℃、RH 60%~90%时储存1 d,或在4~5℃、RH 65%~79%条件下存放10 d即会出现霉变。含水量为39%的花生果在9~18℃、RH 62%~89%条件下存放1~2 d即会出现霉变。温度9~19℃时大规模仓储的干燥花生果在其水分活度为0.43~0.57时,储藏期间因温差和湿热转移造成花生果堆内局部水分增高,在半年的储藏时间内也会出现霉变或产毒。含水量为6%的花生果在20℃、RH 70%以下时可安全储藏,相对湿度达到70%及以上则会发生霉变。含水量为9%的花生果在25~27℃、RH 70%条件下,或在环境氧气含量低于1%,或二氧化碳含量60%以上安全储藏时间可达1年。The safe storage of peanut pods can be affected by soil pest feeding during peanut growth,the amount of contaminated fungi in harvested peanut pods,immature or excessive mature pods,physical damage in harvest,drying not in time after harvest,higher moisture content,moisture re-absorption in storage,storage insect pest infestation and so on.Mildew grew in the peanut pods with a moisture content of 47%when at 10-25℃and RH 60%-90%for only one day or at 4-5℃and RH 65%-79%for ten days.Mildew grew in the peanut pods with a moisture content of 39%under the conditions of 9-18℃and RH 62%-89%just in two days.Mildew or toxin production will occur within half a year in the large-scale stored dried peanuts with a water activity of 0.43-0.57 when the moisture in the peanut pile increases due to sharp temperature gradient and transfer of moisture and heat at the temperature of 9-19℃.The peanut pods with a moisture content of 6%can be safely stored at 20℃,a relative humidity below 70%,and it will mildew in a short time if the relative humidity reaches 70%or above.The peanut pods with a moisture content of 9%could be safely stored for up to one year at 25-27℃and RH 70%,or in an environment with an oxygen content less than 1%,or a carbon dioxide content more than 60%.

关 键 词：花生果 储藏 环境因素 霉变 

分 类 号：S435.652[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]