镍的环境生物地球化学与毒性效应研究进展  

A comprehensive review on environmental biogeochemistry and toxic effects of nickel

作　　者：何珊 郭渊 王琛[3] 吴丰昌[3] 何佳 HE Shan;GUO Yuan;WANG Chen;WU Feng-chang;HE Jia(Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology,College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;College of Geoexploration Science and Technology,Jilin University,Changchun 130026,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,城市水循环与海绵城市技术北京市重点实验室,北京100875 [2]吉林大学,地球探测科学与技术学院,吉林长春130026 [3]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2022年第5期2339-2351,共13页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新群体项目(41521003);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42007369);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助项目(2019NTST19)。

摘　　要：目前镍的毒性评价大多基于单一指标和室内控制实验研究,如何综合考虑镍在水环境中的形态及天然复合水化学条件的影响,进而准确预测水体中镍的生物毒性是水质基准及生态风险评估领域的难题.本研究结合国内外最新研究进展,对镍的来源、形态、生物有效性、毒性机理、水质基准和标准及污水处理工艺等进行归纳总结.重点围绕镍的环境行为和毒性效应展开,剖析了水化学因子对镍生物有效性的影响,概述了镍对不同营养级水生生物的毒性表现,总结出镍对淡水水生生物的六大毒性作用机理,展望镍的生物有效性对毒性效应的影响趋势,对我国镍的淡水水生生物水质基准的制定具有重要意义.At present,toxicity evaluation of nickel is mostly based on single indicator and laboratory control experiment.How to evaluate the influence of the forms and natural complex hydrochemical conditions is the difficult problem in the field of water quality criteria and ecological risk assessment.This study comprehensive reviewed on the sources,forms,bioavailability,toxic mechanism,water quality criteria and standards,and wastewater treatment processes of nickel.The study focused on the environmental behaviour and toxicity effects and mechanism of nickel.The impacts of water chemistry factors on bioavailability of nickel were analyzed,the toxic effect on aquatic organisms of different trophic levels were outlined,the six response mechanisms of nickel toxicity to freshwater aquatic organisms were summarized.The influence trend of bioavailability of nickel on toxicity was prospected.And it is of great significance to derive water quality criteria of nickel for protection of freshwater aquatic organisms in China.

关 键 词：镍 环境行为 毒性机理 生物有效性 水质基准 

分 类 号：X142[环境科学与工程—环境科学]